17th
April 2020 Syllabus
Pakistan
Studies
Political
Services of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
Note: This
Topic has also been discussed in Youtube channel “Brainiacs Educationists”
Introduction: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, one of the architects of modern India was born
on October 17, 1817 in Delhi and started his career as a civil servant. He came
to the rescue of his co-religionists after the War of Independence 1857 when
the British unleashed a wave of vengeance against the Muslims. As a result of
the atrocities of the British, the Muslims were cut of the mainstream of
political, social, economic and educational development. At this critical
juncture, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first Muslim to realize that if the
Muslims continued to keep themselves aloof then they would be completely
absorbed by the Hindu community.
Seeing this atmosphere of despair and
despondency, Sir Syed launched his attempts to revive the spirit of progress
within the Muslim community of India. He was convinced that the Muslims in
their attempt to regenerate themselves, had failed to realize the fact that
mankind had entered a very important phase of existence i.e., an era of science
and learning. He knew that the realization of the very fact was the source of
progress and prosperity for the British. Therefore, modern education became the
pivot of his movement for regeneration of the Indian Muslims. He tried to
transform the Muslim outlook from a medieval one to a modern one.
He clearly foresaw the imperative need
for the Muslims to acquire proficiency in the English language and modern
sciences if the community were to maintain its social and political identity.
Political
Services:-
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan rendered meritorious
political services in order to defend the rights of the Muslims. After the War
of Independence 1857, Sir Syed compiled a pamphlet entitled Risala Asbab
Baghawat-e-Hind, in which he explained to the British that the Muslims were not
the only force behind the war of 1857. He concluded that the reasons behind
revolt were misunderstanding of the people about the rulers and
maladministration by the army.
Moreover, Government’s unawareness of the conditions and grievance of
the people further aggravated the situation and finally promulgation of
regulations which were contrary to the wishes of the people fueled the fire and
led to rebellion.
Soon after the establishment of Indian
National Congress, he came to realize that it was a purely Hindu organization.
Consequently, he asked the Muslims to desist taking part in its activities. He proposed
the system of separate electorate for the Muslims in order to protect the
political rights of the Muslim community. He highlighted his view in this
regard in a speech in 1883 by saying: “The system of representation by election
means the representation of the views and interests of the majority of the
population.”
Sir Syed was a great champion of Hindu-Muslim unity. Addressing a big
gathering at Gurudaspur on Jan 27, 1884, he said: “Hindus and Muslims! Do you
belong to a country other than Indian? Don’t you live on this soil and are you
not buried under it or cremated on its Ghats? If you live and die on this land,
then bear in mind, that Hindus and Muslims is but a religious word; all the
Hindus, Muslims and Christians who live in this country are one nation.”
However, after the Hindi-Urdu controversy
he was convinced that Hindus were not sincere towards the Muslims. Answering a
query of Mr. Shakespeare, Commissioner of Banaras, he remarked, “Now I am
convinced that both these communities will not join whole-heartedly in anything
though, at present, there was no open hostility between the two communities,
but on account of the so-called educated people it will increase immensely in
future.”
Pioneer of Two
Nation Theory:
Sir Syed was the first Muslim leader of the sub-continent who used the
word nation for the Muslims. In clear language, he pronounced that the Hindus
and the Muslims were two different communities with different interests. After
learning bitter lesson from the Hindi-Urdu controversy, he reached the
conclusion that both the communities could not work together. His views were
evident in his speech delivered in 1886, in which he said, “The system of
representation by election means the representation of the views and thoughts
of the majority of the population. In a country like India where caste
distinctions still exist, where there is no fusion of interests of various
races, where religious differences are still violent, where education in the
modern sense has not made an equal or proportionate progress among all sections
of the population. I am convinced that the introduction of the principles of
the election pure or simple by the representation of various interests in the
local boards and district councils would be attended with the evils of greater
significance than pure economic consideration. The larger community would
totally override the interests of the smaller community.”
Conclusion: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the greatest Muslim reformer of 19th
century. He taught the Muslims of India that how to cope with current issues.
He took the responsibility of the renaissance of Muslim glory and to achieve
his destination he guided the Muslim ship to a right direction and took it to a
definite position. Sir Syed was the pioneer of two nation theory which injected
life in the dormant body of the Muslim nation. His movement did not die with
him, many of Muslims inspired by him opened a number of colleges and
universities for the Muslim students.
-------
Consulted from KIPS Pakistan Affairs
English
Exercise 1
1. If Allah permits, I shall reach
in the time. میں انشاءاللہ وقت پر پہنچ جاؤں گا
2. I shall not abuse
anyone. میں اب کسی کو گالی نہیں دوں گا
3. Will he confess his guilt?کیا وہ اپنے قصور کا اعتراف کر لے گا؟
4. He will never have his own way in
future. وہ آئندہ کبھی من مانی نہیں کرے گا
5. I hope that he will not backbite
me now. مجھے امید ہے کہ وہ اب میری چغلی نہیں کرے گا
6.
Will it rain today? کیا آج بارش ہوگی؟
7. We shall thank him for his
kindness. ہم اس کی مہربانی کا شکریہ ادا کریں گے
8. Flowers will blossom in the
spring season. موسم بہارمیں پھول کھلیں گے
9. We will save his life. ہم اس کی جان ضرور بچائیں گے
10. Will you try to bring him round?کیا تم اسے منانے کی کوشش کرو گے؟
11. I shall send you a present. میں تمہیں ایک تحفہ بھیجوں گا۔
12. Will you send for the doctor?کیا تم ڈاکٹر کو بلا بھیجوں گے؟
13. He will take the examination
this year. وہ اس سال امتحآن دے گا
14. They boys will not make a noise
in the absence of the teacher.
ماسٹر صاحب کی
غیر حاضری میں لڑکے شور نہیں مچائیں گے۔
15. I shall not postpone this
program for his sake. میں اس کی خاطر یہ پروگرام ملتوی
نہیں کروں گا
16. Who will risk his life for you? تمہارے لیے کون اپنی جان خطرے میں ڈالے گا؟
17. How shall I pass this base
rupee?میں اس کھوٹے روپے کو کس طرح چلاؤں گا؟
18. He will beat you black and blue.
وہ مار مار کر تمہیں ادھ موا کر دے گا
19. As you sow, so shall you reap. جیسا کرو گے ویسا بھرو گے
20. I shall start work tomorrow morning. میں کل صبح کام شروع کر دوں گا
21. Wheat will get cheap this year? اس سال گندم سستی ہو جائے گی۔
22. I will follow him.میں ضرور اس کا پیچھا کروں گا
23. His fever will go down. اس کا بخار اتر جائے گا
24. When will it rain? بارش کب ہوگی؟
25. When will you pay your debt?تم اپنا قرضہ کب ادا کروگے؟
Exercise 2
میں اس سال امتحان ضرور دوں گا۔ امتحآن کے بعد میں اپنے بڑے بھائی سے
ملنے کے لیے لاہور جاؤں گا۔ وہاں میں تمام قابل دید عمارتیں دیکھوں گا۔ پھر ہمارے
نتیجے کا اعلان ہو گا۔ امتحان پاس کرنے کے بعد میں کسی کالج میں داخل ہو جاؤں گا۔
کالج میں دل لگا کر کام کروں گا۔ بی اے کرنے کے بعد لا کالج میں داخل ہو جاؤں گا۔
وکالت پاس کرنے کے بعد محنت اور ہمت کے ساتھ بہت سا روپیہ کماؤں گا۔ اپنے ملک و
قوم کی خدمت بھی دل و جان سے کروں گا۔
I will take the examination this
year. After the examination, I shall go to Lahore to see my elder brother. I
shall see there all the buildings worth-seeing. Then our result will be
declared. After passing the examination, I shall join a college. I shall work
with heart and soul in the college. After doing B.A., I shall get admission to
the law college. After passing the law degree, I shall earn a lot of money with
hard work and courage. I shall also server my country and nation with heart and
soul.
Exercise 3:
1. My elder brother will
be reading a newspaper at this time.
میرےبڑے بھائی
صاحب اس وقت اخبار پڑھ رہے ہوں گے۔
2. The wrestlers will be
wrestling. پہلوان کشتی لڑ رہے ہوں گے
3. Hafeez will be
following the footsteps of his father. حفیظ اپنے باپ کے
نقش قدم پر چل رہا ہوگا
4. Will the doctor be
writing a description? کیا ڈاکٹر صاحب نسخہ لکھ رہے ہوںگے؟
5. The farmers will not
be reaping crops. کسان فصلیں نہں کاٹ رہے ہوں گے
6. Will Numan be peeling
the apple? کیا نعمان سیب چھیل رہا ہو گا؟
7. The honey bees will be
collecting honey from the flowers.
شہد کی مکھیاں
پھولوں سے شہد جمع کر رہی ہوں گی۔
8. Will the thieves not
be breaking into? کیا چور نقب نہیں لگا رہے ہوں گے؟
9. Will you not be
telling a lie? کیا تم جھوٹ نہیں بول رہے ہوں گے؟
10. It will not be
snowing on the mountains these days. ان دنوں پہاڑوں پر
برف نہیں پڑ رہی ہو گی۔
11. The tailor will be sewing my
clothes. درزی میرے کپڑے سی رہا ہو گا
12. Will the weavers not be weaving
cloth?کیا جولاہے کپڑا نہیں بن رہے ہوں گے؟
13. The girls will not be swinging. لڑکیاں جھولا نہیں جھول رہی ہوں گی۔
14. What will you be doing this
evening?تم آج شام کیا کر رہے ہو گے؟
15. The washer man will be wringing
clothes.دھوبی کپڑے نچوڑ رہا ہو گا
16. The dogs will be barking at the
stranger. اجنبی پر کتے بھونک رہے ہوں گے
17. The Persian wheel will not be
working. رہٹ نہیں چل رہا ہو گا
18. Will the radio be playing? کیا ریڈیو بج رہا ہو گا؟
19. We shall be watching the feats
of the juggler.ہم مداری کےکرتب دیکھ رہے ہوں گے۔
20. This willful boy will be teasing
his parents.یہ ضدی لڑکا اپنے والدین کو تنگ کر رہا ہوگا
Exercise 4:
1. We shall have taken tea before
you reach. تہمارے
پہنچنےسے پہلے ہم چائے پی چکے ہوں گے
2. I shall have reached the station
before the train arrives.
گاڑی کے آنے سے
پہلے میں اسٹیشن پہنچ چکا ہوں گا۔
3. The people will have vacated the
village before the river floods.
دریا میں طغیانی
آنے سے پہلے لوگ گاؤں خالی کر چکے ہوں گے۔
4. Will the rain have stopped before
we reach home?
کیا ہمارے گھر
پہنچنے سے پہلے بارش تھم چکی ہو گی؟
5. Will the house have burnt to
ashes before the fire brigade arrives?
کیا آگ بجھانے
والے انجن کے آنے پہلے مکان جل کر راکھ ہو چکا ہوگا؟
6. He will have received our letter
by this time. اس وقت تک اسے ہماری چٹھی مل چکی ہو گی
7. He will not have paid his debt by
the end of this month.
یہ مہینا ختم
ہونے تک اس نے اپنا قرضہ ادا نہیں کیا ہو گا۔
8. You will have already heard this
news.یہ خبر تم پہلے ہی سن چکے ہو گے
9. Will the wounded passenger have
died before the medical aid is provided?
کیا طبی امداد
دینے سے پہلے زخمی مسافر مر چکا ہوگا؟
10. Will the tailor have pressed my
coat? کیا درزی مریا کوٹ استری کر چکا ہو گا؟
11. Father will not have gone to the
office yet.والد صاحب ابھی تک دفتر نہیں گئے ہوں گے۔
12. The peon will not have rung the
bell yet. چپراسی نے ابھی تک گھنٹی نہیں بجائی ہو گی
13. The roll will not have been
called before you reach school.
تمہارے سکول
پہنچنے سے پہلے حاضری نہیں لگ چکی ہو گی۔
14. They will not have returned from
the walk by this time.
اس وقت تک وہ
سیر سے واپس نہیں آئے ہوں گے۔
15. The labourers will have dug the
canal by this time. مزدور اس وقت تک نہر کھود چکے ہوں گے
16. He will have received my message
before he departs.
اس کے روانہ
ہونے سے پہلے اسے میرا پیغام مل چکا ہو گا۔
17. My servant will have made tea
for me. میرے نوکر نے میرے لئے چائے تیار کر لی ہو گی
18. The thief will not have run away
before the police come.
پولیس کے آنے سے
پہلے چور بھاگ نہیں چکا ہو گا۔
19. The paper will have been
distributed before you reach the examination hall.
تمہارے کمرہ
امتحان میں پہنچنے سے پہلے پرچہ تقسیم ہو چکا ہوگا۔
20. The hunter will have hunted many
birds by this time.
اس وقت تک شکاری
بہت سے پرندے پکڑ چکا ہو گا۔
From Imtiazi English
Translation For Higher Classes
Idioms: (Remember: PMS/CSS idiomatic sentences should be written in two to
three lines so that the meaning of idiomatic phrase or word should be cleared.
Don’t write as if you were in intermediate yet). Some are solved as a sample.
Remaining have been written with their meaning, solved them accordingly.
1. Caste pearls
before swine بھینس کے آگے بین بجانا
2. Catch at a straw: ڈوبتے
کو تنکے کا سہارا
3. Cock and Bull Story فضول بات جس کا کوئی سر پیر نا ہو
4. Come to
blows ہاتھا پائی
پر اتر آنا
5. Crocodile tears مگر مچھ کے آنسو یعنی جھوٹا رونا دھونا
6. Cry for the
moon فضول چیز کی خواہش کرنا
7. Cry over
spilt milk بے کار پچھتاوا
8. Cry wolf جھوٹ موٹ کا شور مچانا
9. Come of ageقانونی طور پر بالغ ہو جانا
10. Come to
griefناکام ہو کر
افسردہ ہو جانا
11. Come to lightظاہر ہونا/ عیاں ہونا
12. Close
fisted man(کنجوس)
13. Come to an
endانجام پر پہنچنا
14. Curry
favour with خوشامد سے
فائدہ لینا
15. Cut a sorry
figure شرمندگی اٹھانا
16. Dead letter
ایسا قانون جس
پر اب عمل نا ہو
17. Die in
harnessعملی زندگی کے دوران
وفات پانا
18. Do away
withمار دینا
19. Double
faced منافق
20. Draw a
blankناکام ہونا
From Functional English B.Com (From above 20 idioms three have been
asked in Past Papers)
General
Knowledge
Topic: Oceans,
Seas, Gulf, Bay, Straits
Oceans: Our Planet Earth is covered with 71% of water area which includes
5 Oceans. These five are Pacific Ocean, Atlantic, Indian, North Arctic and
Southern Arctic.
Pacific Ocean
·
It
is the largest ocean in the planet. It covers almost 30% of the total earth’s
surface area.
·
It
separates Americas (Means North and South America) from Asia.
·
It
is also the deepest Ocean in the world having average depth of 3970m approx.
·
American
State Hawaii and Japan’s islands are in Pacific Ocean
·
Ring
of Fire (A region where most of the Volcanoes exist) is also located in Pacific
Ocean
·
The
deepest point in the world is in Pacific Ocean called Mariana Trench near
Philippines having depth of 10994m
Atlantic Ocean
·
It
has given to this name due to Atlas mountain range on its coastline in the
Northern Africa
·
It
covers almost 21% surface area of the world
·
It
separates Europe and Africa from Americas
·
Its
shape is just like English letter “S”
·
The
most of the world trade is done through this ocean
·
It
has an average depth of 3300m and deepest point has depth 8380m
·
It
has also a region called Bermuda Triangle near American State Florida which is
the point of the world where gravity is maximum
·
Famous
Islands of Great Britain is located in Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean:
·
It
is the third largest ocean of the world covering 14% of earth’s surface area
·
It
separates Africa from Australia and touches southern Asia
·
It
has an average depth of 3960m and deepest point is Java Trench having depth of
7450m
·
The
country including maximum number of islands (20000 approx) is located in Indian
Ocean and its name is Indonesia
·
Coastline
of Pakistan and India touches with Indian Ocean
North Arctic:
·
North
Arctic or simply Arctic is located in Northern pole of the earth
·
It
is surrounded by North America and Eurasia (Europe and Asia)
·
In
winter, it freezes and Russia and USA shares their border for some months.
·
Its
average depth is 1038m and deepest point is Molloy Hole having depth of 5550 m
·
It
is the only ocean smaller than Russia
·
It
is the world’s smallest ocean
·
According
to National Geographic Study in 2016, Due to Climate Change ships will be
sailed in Arctic region in 2040 as it is the region which is most affected by
global warming.
Southern Ocean
·
It
encircles the Antarctica therefore commonly called Antarctic Ocean
·
It
is also in the frozen form on the Southern pole of the earth
·
It
is the newest ocean recognized by United States Board of Geographic Names
·
According
to International Hydrographic Organization, it is the fourth largest ocean
·
It
has an average depth of 4000m and deepest point is South Sandwich Trench having
depth of 7235m
·
It’s
the region which is most affected by global warming after North Arctic but it
is most dangerous because of its location
Seas: Oceans are divided into smaller regions called seas. Some
important seas are discussed below:
·
It
is said that there are seven seas but there are almost 50 regions in the world
which can be said Sea due to their size
·
Arabian
Sea on which Pakistan’s ports exist is the part of Indian Ocean and the third
largest sea
·
Largest
sea is Philippine Sea in Pacific Ocean and smallest sea is Marmara Sea located
in Europe
·
The
hottest sea is red sea and coldest sea is Greenland sea
·
Some
seas are landlocked means covered by land i.e. Caspian Sea (Some hydrographic
called it lake), Dead Sea and Aral Sea
·
South
China sea is the most disputed sea in the world as its islands and maritime are
claimed by seven sovereign states China, Indonesia, Taiwan, Brunei, Philippine,
Malaysia and Vietnam.
باقی کے ٹاپکس
انشاءاللہ کل کور کیے جائیں گے
Islamiyat:
عالم اسلام کو
درپیش مسائل اور ان کا حل یہ سوال بہت زیادہ سی ایس ایس اور پی ایم ایس میں پوچھا
جا چکا ہے اسے گریجوایشن کی اسلامیات کتاب سے اچھے تیار کر لیں اگر کسی کو نہ ملے
تو مجھ سے مانگ سکتا ہے۔
Remember: Read an Article daily from AN
International Newspaper. Watch Documentaries on Al Jazeera BBC etc.
Read
an Article Daily: A link is given below:
No comments:
Post a Comment