18th
April 2020 Syllabus
Pakistan
Studies
Religious and
Social Services of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
Note: This
Topic has also been discussed in Youtube channel “Brainiacs Educationists”
Introduction: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, one of the architects of modern India was born
on October 17, 1817 in Delhi and started his career as a civil servant. He came
to the rescue of his co-religionists after the War of Independence 1857 when
the British unleashed a wave of vengeance against the Muslims. As a result of
the atrocities of the British, the Muslims were cut of the mainstream of
political, social, economic and educational development. At this critical
juncture, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first Muslim to realize that if the
Muslims continued to keep themselves aloof then they would be completely
absorbed by the Hindu community.
Seeing this atmosphere of despair and
despondency, Sir Syed launched his attempts to revive the spirit of progress
within the Muslim community of India. He was convinced that the Muslims in
their attempt to regenerate themselves, had failed to realize the fact that
mankind had entered a very important phase of existence i.e., an era of science
and learning. He knew that the realization of the very fact was the source of
progress and prosperity for the British. Therefore, modern education became the
pivot of his movement for regeneration of the Indian Muslims. He tried to
transform the Muslim outlook from a medieval one to a modern one.
He clearly foresaw the imperative need
for the Muslims to acquire proficiency in the English language and modern
sciences if the community were to maintain its social and political identity.
Social Services:-
In more than one ways Sir Syed was one of
the greatest social reformers and a great nation builder of modern India. He
began to prepare the road map for the formation of a Muslim University by
starting various schools. He instituted scientific society to make the Western
knowledge available to Indians in their own language. The Aligarh Institute
Gazette, an organ of the scientific society was started in March 1866 and
succeeded in transforming the minds in the traditional Muslim Society. In face
of great opposition, Sir Syed responded by bringing out another journal
‘Tehzibul Ikhalq” which was rightly named in English as “Muhammedan Social
Reformer.”
Sir Syed wanted that Muslims
of the sub-continent should get an honorable position in the Hindu dominated
society. For this purpose he not only opened many schools but also established
an orphanage at Muradabad to provide refuge to the orphan Muslim children. In
fact his whole life revolved around his desire for the betterment of his
community.
He set himself to the task
of protecting Urdu from being faded away and replaced by English. He worked
laboriously for the promotion of Urdu and gave a new tone and colour to the
Urdu literature. He founded Anjaman-i-Tarak-i-Urdu which worked for the
protection of Urdu. He wrote another magazine as Ahkam-i-Ta’am-i-Ahle-Kitab in
which the principles and etiquettes of eating and dining in Islam were
discussed. In this magazine Sir Syed wrote that it was not against Islam to eat
with the Christians on the same table. He gave references from the Quran and
proved that it was not un-Islamic to eat with a nation who was the bearer of a
Holy book.
Medievalism to
Modernism: Nineteenth century was a hard time
for the nation of India and especially for Muslims in the aftermath of 1857 War
against British colonialism. Sir Syed tried and motivated Indian Muslim. In the
history of India’s transition from medievalism to modernism, Sir Syed stands
out prominently as a dynamic force pitted against conservatism, superstitious,
inertia and ignorance. He contributed many of the essential elements to the
development of modern India and paved the growth of a healthy scientific
attitude of mind which is sine qua non for advancement, both material and
intellectual.
Regional
Services:-
Sir Syed rendered many religious services through his movement.
William Muir, a Christian writer, wrote a book, “Life of Muhammad” and used
derogatory remarks against the last prophet of Islam. Sir Syed took frequent
notices of his book and wrote essays on the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
named Khutbat-i-Ahmadiya in which he gave befitting reply to William Muir.
Sir Syed also wrote a commentary on Bible
in philosophical style and explained the similarities between the Islam and
Christianity with solid arguments.
Conclusion: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the greatest Muslim reformer of 19th
century. He taught the Muslims of India that how to cope with current issues.
He took the responsibility of the renaissance of Muslim glory and to achieve
his destination he guided the Muslim ship to a right direction and took it to a
definite position. Sir Syed was the pioneer of two nation theory which injected
life in the dormant body of the Muslim nation. His movement did not die with
him, many of Muslims inspired by him opened a number of colleges and
universities for the Muslim students.
(You can also
add some education services in social services to make an appropriate length of
the answer)
-------
Consulted from KIPS Pakistan Affairs
English
Exercise 1
1. The birds will have been chirping
since morning. پرندے صبح سے چہچہا رہے ہوں گے۔
2. They will have been playing chess
for two hours. وہ دو گھنٹؤں سے شطرنج کھیل رہے ہوں گے۔
3. Will that baby have been crying
since the very evening? کیا بچہ شام ہی سے چلا رہا ہو گا؟
4. Will the sweepers have been
sweeping the streets since morning?
کیا خاکرون صبح
سے گلیوں میں جھاڑو دے رہا ہوں گے؟
5. What will they have been doing
there for so long? وہ اتنی دیر وہاں کیا کرتے رہے ہوں گے؟
6. It will have been snowing in
Murree since November. نومبر سے مری میں برفباری ہو رہی ہوگی۔
7. Will they have been running this
school for six months?
کیا وہ چھے ماہ
سے اس سکول کو چلا رہے ہوں گے؟
8. The cattle will not have been
grazing in the meadow since morning.
مویشی صبح سے
چراگاہ میں نہیں چر رہے ہوں گے۔
9. Will the peon not have been
closing the school since afternoon?
کیا چپڑاسی سہ
پہر سے سکول بند نہیں کر رہا ہو گا؟
10. The she mouse will not have been
gnawing the strings of the trap with its sharp teeth for two hours. چوہیا دو گھنٹے سے اپنے تیز دانتوں سے جال کی رسیاں نہیں کاٹ رہی
ہو گی۔
11. They will not have been trying
to swim across the river for many days.
وہ کئی روز سے
تیر کر دریا عبور کرنے کی کوشش نہیں کر رہے ہوں گے۔
12. Will those women have been
quarrelling for two hours?
کیا وہ عورتیں
دو گھنٹے سے لڑ رہی ہوں گی؟
13. Our school will have been making
progress by leaps and bounds for two years.
ہمارا سکول دو
سال سے دن دگنی رات چوگنی ترقی کر رہا ہوگا۔
14. Will he have been trying to make
up his deficiency for two months?
کیا وہ دو ماہ
سے اپنی کمی پوری کرنے کی کوشش کر رہا ہوگا؟
15. I shall have been reading this
newspaper for many days.
میں کئی روز سے
اس اخبار کا مطالعہ کر رہا ہوں گا۔
16. Will Salman have been filling
ink in his pen for five months?
کیا سلمان پانچ
منٹ سے اپنے قلم میں سیاہی بھر رہا ہو گا؟
17. The butchers will not have been
selling meat since morning.
قصاب صبح سے
گوشت فروخت نہیں کر رہے ہوںگے۔
18. He will have been studying in
this school since 1984. وہ 1984 سے اس سکول میں پڑھا
ہو گا۔
19. It will have been
raining since Friday. جمعے سے بارش ہو رہی ہو گی۔
20. The workers will have been on
strike for three days.
کارکن تین روز
سے ہڑتال کر رہے ہوں گے۔
Exercise 2
1. Will he help the poor people? کیا وہ غریبوں کی مدد کرے گا؟
2. If you drown, nobody will save
you. اگر تم ڈوب جاؤ گے تو تمہیں کوئی نہیں بچائے گا
3. If the ship sinks, many
passengers will be drowned.
اگر جہاز ڈوب
گیا تو بہت سے مسافر ڈوب جائیں گے۔
4. I shall always act upon your
advice. میں ہمیشہ آپ کی نصیحت پر عمل کروں گا
5. The inspector will be inspecting
our school tomorrow.
کل انسپکٹر صاحب
ہمارے سکول کا معائنہ کر رہے ہوں گے۔
6. Will he be cleaning his teeth? کیا وہ اپنے دانتوں کو صاف کر رہا ہو گا؟
7. He will dig his own grave. وہ اپنے پاؤں پر خود کلھاڑی مارے گا
8. The second headmaster will have
been working in the headmaster’s place for four months.
سیکنڈ ماسٹر
صاحب چار ماہ سے ہیڈ ماسٹر صاحب کی جگہ کام کر رہے ہوں گے۔
9. How long will you stay here? آٌپ کب تک یہاں ٹھہریں گے؟
10. Many members will not opine in
favour of this proposal.
بہت سے ممبر اس
تجویز کے حق میں رائے نہیں دیں گے۔
11. This defect will right itself. یہ نقص خود بخود نکل جائے گا
12. Will this not pass
here? کیا یہ نوٹ یہاں نہیں چلے گا؟
13. I will stand by you through
thick and thin. میں ہر حال میں تمہارا ساتھ دوں گا۔
14. The caravan will have been crossing
desert for two days.
قافلہ دو دن سے
صحرا عبور کر رہا ہو گا۔
15. Will the show finish till 10
o’clock? کیا تماشا دس بجے تک ختم ہو جائے گا؟
16. All his cattle will have been
sold before the end of the fair.
میلا ختم ہونے
سے پہلے اس کے تمام مویشی بک چکے ہوں گے۔
17. Will the beggar have been
begging since morning?
کیا فقیر صبح سے
بھیک مانگ رہا ہو گا؟؟
18. Germany will have been making
preparation for war for many years.
جرمنی کئی سال
سے جنگ کی تیاریاں کر رہا ہو گا۔
19. The masons will have been building
this wall for many days.
معمار کئی روز
سے یہ دیوار تعمیر کر رہے ہوں گے۔
20. The magician will have shown his
tricks.جادوگر اپنے کرتب دکھا چکا ہوگا
Exercise 3:
1. Do not look about.ادھر ادھر مت دیکھو
2. Do not interfere in my affairs.میرے معاملات میں دخل نہ دو
3. Keep to the left.بائیں ہاتھ چلو
4. Beware of imitations.نقلی چیزوں سے خبردار رہو
5. Do not put off till tomorrow what
you can do today.آج کا کام کل پر مت ڈالو
6. Trust in Allah Almighty.اللہ پر بھروسا رکھو
7. Do not waste your time.اپنا وقت ضائع مت کرو
8. Please forgive me.مہربانی فرما کر مجھے معاف کردو
9. Never sit idle.کبھی بیکار مت بیٹھو
10. Control/Hold your tongue.اپنی زبان قابو میں رکھو
11. Take exercise daily.ہر روز ورزش کرو
12. Do not hurt anybody’s feelings.کسی کا دل مت دکھاؤ
13. Do not backbite anybody.کسی کی چغلی نہ کرو
14. Please listen to me carefully.مہربانی کر کے میری بات دھیان سے سنیں
15. Trim the wick of the lamp. لیمپ کی بتی کتر ڈالو
16. Turn out the dog from the room.کتے کو کمرے سے نکال دو
17. Try to save the drowning child.ڈوبتے بچے کو بچانے کی کوشش کرو
18. Get up early in the morning and
go out for a walk.صبح سویرے اٹھو اور سیر کے لیے باہر جاؤ
19. Untie this knot.یہ گرہ کھول دو
20. Please lend me a hand.مہربانی کر کے میرا ہاتھ بٹائیے
21. Do not tell a lie.جھوٹ مت بولو
22. Unload the donkey.گدھے سے بوجھ اتار دو
23. Do not mix with bad boys.برے لڑکوں سے میل جول مت رکھو
24. Do not laugh at the poor.غریبوں کی ہنسی مت اڑاؤ
25. Do not worry.پریشان مت ہوئے
26. Ask Salman to fetch me a glass
of water.سلمان سے کہو کہ میرے لیے پانی کا گلاس لائے
27. Ask the servant to wash my
shirt.نوکر سے کہہ دو کہ میری قمیص دھو ڈالے
28. Ask Aslam to wring all these
clothes.اسلم سے کہو کہ میرے لیے پانی کا گلاس لائے
29. Ask your younger brother to work
hard.اپنے چھوٹے بھائی سے کہو محنت کرے
30. Ask the tailor to take measure
of me.درزی سے کہہ دو میرا ماپ لے لے
Exercise 4:
1. Do not let the child walk on the
grass.بچے کو گھاس میں نہ پھرنے دو
2. Let us play at cards.آؤ تاش کھیلیں
3. Let us make merry.آؤ مزے کریں
4. Let us enquire after Javaid’s
health.آؤ جاوید کی عیادت کو جائیں
5. Let us pray to Allah.آؤ اللہ سے دعا مانگیں
6. Let Naeem learn this poem.نعیم کو یہ نظم زبانی یاد کرنے دو
7. Let Naeem go out.نعیم کو باہر جانے دو
8. Let you brother stand on his own
legs.اپنے بھائی کو پاؤں پر کھڑا ہونے دو
9. Let us put out the fire.آؤ آگ بجھا دیں
10. Let me solve this sum.مجھے یہ سوال حل کرنے دو
11. Let us make an experiment.آؤ ایک تجربہ کریں
12. Do not tell the boys make a
noise.لڑکوں کو شور مچانے کا نہ کہو
13. Let us take a boat trip.آؤ کشتی کی سیر کریں
14. Let the guests come in.مہمانوں کو اندر آنے دو
15. Do not let the dog puts its
mouth into the pot.کتے کو برتن میں منہ مت ڈالنے دو
16. Do not let him have his own way.اسے من مانی مت کرنے دو
17. Do not let the child come near
the fire. بچے کو آگ کے نزدیک مت جانے دو
18. Let us go to the cinema today.آؤ آج سینما چلیں۔
19. Let us enjoy riding a horse.آؤ گھوڑے کی سواری کا لطف اٹھائیں
20. Let us find a solution to this
problem.آؤ اس مسئلے کا حل ڈھونڈیں
21. Let us catch fish.آؤ مچھلیاں پکڑیں
22. Do not let him throw dust into
your eyes.اسے آنکھوں میں دھول مت ڈالنے دو
23. Do not let them enter the
examination hall.انہیں کمرہ امتحآن میں مت آنے دو
24. Let us shake hands.آؤ ہاتھ ملائیں
25. Let the groom break in the
horse.سائیس کو گھوڑا سدھانے دو
26. Do not let anybody stand here.کسی کویہاں کھڑا نہ ہونے دو
27. Do not let him open his book.اسے اپنی کتاب نہ کھولنے دو
28. Let us quench our thirst first.آؤ اپنی پیاس بجھائیں۔
29. Do not let the boys pass through
the corridor.لڑکوں کو برآمدے میں سے نہ گزرنے دو
30. Do not let Shahida study in the
dim light.شاہدہ کو مدھم روشنی میں نہ پڑھنے دو۔
From Imtiazi English
Translation For Higher Classes
Idioms: (Remember: PMS/CSS idiomatic sentences should be written in two to
three lines so that the meaning of idiomatic phrase or word should be cleared.
Don’t write as if you were in intermediate yet). Some are solved as a sample.
Remaining have been written with their meaning, solved them accordingly.
1. Eat one’s
words الفاظ واپس لینا
2. End up in smoke: مایوسی
میں ختم ہو جانا
3. Fall a prey toشکار ہوجانا
4. Fall foul of لڑنا جھگڑنا
5. Feather one’s nest ناجائز طریقے سے فائدہ لینا
6. Few and far
between کبھی کبھار
7. Find fault
with نقص نکالنا
8. First and
foremost سب سے اہم
9. Flesh and
blood رشتہ دار
10. French
leave بغیر اطلاع کے
چھٹی کرنا
11. From hand
to mouthبہت مشکل سے
گزارا کرنا
12. Get into
hot waterمشکل کا شکار
ہونا
13. Get rid ofجڑ سے اکھاڑ دینا
14. Gird up
one’s loinsکمر کسنا
15. Give up the
ghost وفات پا جانا
16. Give a
piece of one’s mind کھری
کھری سنانا
17. Give the
devil his dueبرے
کو بھی اس کا حق دینا
18. Give vent
toجذبات کا اظہار
کرنا
19. Go through
fire and water سرد
و گرم حالات کا سامنا کرنا
20. Go to
piecesذہنی و جسمانی
طور پر تباہ ہونا
From Functional English B.Com (From above 20 idioms three have been
asked in Past Papers)
General
Knowledge
Topic: Oceans, Seas,
Gulf, Bay, Straits
Gulfs and Bays: A large Bay is called Gulf. Bay and Gulfs are those bodies of
water which penetrates to the land so that their three sides are covered with
land
·
Gulf
of Persia: It separates Iran from Arab. It is the part of Indian Ocean. The
countries on its bason are called Gulf countries like Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait
etc. It is important due to its bason countries are rich in oil resources
·
Gulf
Oman: It is also the part of Indian Ocean. It is also important because of Oil
supply. Pakistan shares her maritime border with Gulf of Oman or with Oman.
·
Gulf
of Mexico: It is the part of Atlantic Ocean. It is covered with Mexico and
Florida.
·
Bay
of Bengal: It is the largest Bay of the world even larger than Arabian Sea and
Gulf of Mexico. It is covered by Bangladesh, Myanmar and India.
·
Gulf
of Aden: Aden is the seaport of Yemen. It is also located in Indian Ocean and
covered by Yemen and Horns of Africa (Some countries like Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Somalia and Djibouti are called Horns of Africa).
·
Bay
of Gwadar is the only Bay which water touches the surface of Pakistan.
Straits: Straits are the narrow strips of water which connects two oceans
or Seas. Here we will discuss about some famous and important straits.
·
Palk
Strait: It connects Palk Bay and Bengal Bay and separates India from Sri Lanka.
Its breadth is 32 miles. Chennai and Colombo are two cities which are on the
sides of this strait.
·
Gibraltar
Strait: Gibraltar (Jabl-u-Tariq in Urdu: Jabl ka matlab Mountain and Tariq ka
matlab Tariq bin Zyad Muslim conqueror of Spain. He landed on a Mountain in 711
but still this mountain is called Gibraltar) This Strait separates Europe and
Africa from each other and connects Mediterranean Sea with Atlantic Ocean. Its
breadth is 9-23 miles. It is also called the key to Mediterranean.
·
Malacca
Strait: It connects Andaman Sea with South China Sea and separates
Sumatra(Indonesian Island) from Malaysia.
·
Sunda
Strait: It connects Java Sea with Indian Ocean and separates Java from Sumatra
(Both are Indonesian islands)
·
Yucatan
Strait: It connects Gulf of Mexico with Caribbean Sea and separates Mexico from
Cuba
·
Bab-al-Mandeb
Strait: It connects Red Sea with Gulf of Aden and separates Yemen from
Djibouti.
·
Bering
Strait: It connects Bering Sea and Chuksi Sea. It separates North America
(Alaska) from Russia. Its breadth is 90Km. In winter season, it freezes and USA
and Russia shares border
·
Dover
Strait: It connects North Sea with Atlantic Ocean and separates Great Britain
(UK) from France. Its breadth 33 km. The world’s first under sea tunnel was dug
here and Britain and France are now connected with underground train system.
·
Hormuz
Strait: It separates Iran from UAE and Oman and connects Gulf of Persia with
Gulf of Oman. Its breadth is almost 40Km. It is considered important because
21% of the world’s oil supply is done through this strait.
·
Bosporus
Strait: It connects Black Sea with Marmara Sea and located in Turkey. After the
agreement of Lausanne, Turkey can’t get tax from ships of European countries
which pass through this strait but in 2023 this agreement will become a dead
letter. A bridge was built on the strait in 1973
·
Taurus
Strait: It connects Pacific ocean with Indian Ocean and separates Australia
from Papua New Guinea
·
Magellan
Strait: It connects Pacific Ocean with Atlantic Ocean and located near Chili.
·
Mesina
Strait: Separates Italy from Sicily
Link Canals: Some canals have been dug to shorten the way of ships in oceans.
It is same as described in the Holy Quran that Seas are being connected.
·
Suez
Canal: It connects Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea and is located in Egypt. Its
construction began in 1859 and completed in 1869. It was claimed by England and
France until 1956 then Jamal Abadal Nasser president of Egypt nationalized it
and made an authority of Suez Canal (SCA). During Arab-Israel wars Israel
captured it once but Egypt regained it.
·
Panama
Canal: It connects Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean and has length approx.
85Km. It was constructed in 1914. After its construction ships has not to make
a circle around South America to reach Pacific
Islamiyat:
عالم اسلام کو
درپیش مسائل اور ان کا حل یہ سوال بہت زیادہ سی ایس ایس اور پی ایم ایس میں پوچھا
جا چکا ہے اسے گریجوایشن کی اسلامیات کتاب سے اچھے تیار کر لیں اگر کسی کو نہ ملے
تو مجھ سے مانگ سکتا ہے۔
Remember: Read an Article daily from AN
International Newspaper. Watch Documentaries on Al Jazeera BBC etc.
Read
an Article Daily: A link is given below:
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