29th
April 2020 Syllabus
Pak Studies
Role of
Journalism in Formation of Pakistan
The importance of Press in an independent society
cannot be underestimated. The journalists and the Press play a significant role
especially during the freedom movements and national struggle. The Press is
moreover. A powerful agent a influencing public opinion and mustering support
for public or political movement.
The existence of Muslims Press in the subcontinent, before and after the war of 1857, was rather insignificant. The consequence of the War of Indian Independence of 1857 adversely affected the Muslim Press which was already a mere shadow of an independent and free agency. It was further subdued and strangulated on flimsy grounds. Consequently, the tone and style of Muslims journalism, after the War of 1857, remained soft, and the attitude compromising. Most of the newspapers were busy in projecting the western arts and sciences and ways of life. There were some newspapers, however, which continued criticising the policies of the government and expressed their own point of view about the affairs of the country. The newspapers like Sho’la-i-Tur, Khair Khahan-i-Khalq, however, and Akhbarul-Alam were notable for publishing political news of national importance and giving useful suggestions to the government on administrative matters; sometimes they also criticised the policies of the government.
The existence of Muslims Press in the subcontinent, before and after the war of 1857, was rather insignificant. The consequence of the War of Indian Independence of 1857 adversely affected the Muslim Press which was already a mere shadow of an independent and free agency. It was further subdued and strangulated on flimsy grounds. Consequently, the tone and style of Muslims journalism, after the War of 1857, remained soft, and the attitude compromising. Most of the newspapers were busy in projecting the western arts and sciences and ways of life. There were some newspapers, however, which continued criticising the policies of the government and expressed their own point of view about the affairs of the country. The newspapers like Sho’la-i-Tur, Khair Khahan-i-Khalq, however, and Akhbarul-Alam were notable for publishing political news of national importance and giving useful suggestions to the government on administrative matters; sometimes they also criticised the policies of the government.
The twentieth century press concentrated on the
politics of the country. The newspapers and journals represented the sentiments
and thoughts of the people during the stormy period of political movements and
disturbances in the country. In the beginning of the 20th century. The Comrade
of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Al-Hilal of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and
Zamindar of Maulana Zafar Ali Khan provided an outlet for the Muslim sentiments
already perturbed against the British rulers. During the stormy days of
Khilafat Movement these journals and newspapers took the Indian Muslim by storm
and stirred the Indian politics.
Maulana Muhammad ali Jauhar published two newspapers,
the Comrade in English and Hamdard in Urdu. The Comrade was started on January
1, 1911, from Calcutta. The Maulana had made thorough preparations for the
paper and everything concerned with it was of a high order. He himself was a
man of parts about whom H.G. Wells said: “Maulana Muhammad Ali had the pen of
Macaulay, the tongue of a Burke and heart of Napolean”. Lovat Fraser wrote in
an editorial in the Times of India, that Maulana Muhammad Ali had “marvellous
command over the English language. No Indian, and perhaps few Englishmen could
write better that he did. Thus, Maulana Muhammad ali Jauhar, with the help of a
talented band of youngmen, gave Muslim India the best weekly it ever had.
From the date of its first appearance, the Comrade was
looked upon as the mouthpiece of the grievances of the Muslims and voice of
their aspiration. “Throughout its existence. The Comrade rendered yeoman
service to the cause of socio-economic and political advancement of the Muslims
of Indian in particular, and to the cause of India in general, by attacking the
anti-Indian attitude both of the bureaucracy and of the British Government.”
The Comrade played an important role in formulating the political policy of
Muslim India. Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar always defended, very valiantely, the
Muslim interests through The Comrade about which S.M. Ikram writes: “It was
fearless in denouncing discrimination and hardships to which the editor’s
community was exposed, but it also systematically criticised the Bengalee, the
Tribune and other Hindu newspapers, which opposed the newly organized All-India
Muslim League, or the efforts of Aligarh leaders to secure suitable safeguards for
the Muslim.
The Comrade did not start with any
bitterness towards the British Government, but certain event had taken place,
to wit, he annulment of the partition of Bengal and political tension generated
by the Tripoli and Balkan Wars which affected it attitude. Before long, there
were a few other causes which fed the fires of hatred between the rulers and
the Indian Muslims. Controversy about the Muslim University was one; and before
it died down. There was a serious trouble at Cawnpur after the demolition of
the portion of a mosque. All these event went a long way to change the attitude
of The Comrade towards the Government.
When the first world war started, Maulana Muhammad Ali
Jauhar in an editorial in The Comrade, under the caption, “Choice of the Turks”,
supported the cause of Turkey in the Balkan war. The editorial was indigestible
to the British rulers and eventually the security of The Comrade and its Urdu
counterpart Hamdard was declared forfeited to the Government and Ali Brothers
were interned under the Defence of India ordinance. The Comrade once again
started its career some time later, then finally it had to close down. And in
his farewell message, Maulana Muhammad Ali wrote, “we have lived because we
have dared, and we shall still dare, and we shall still live.”
The Hamdard also earned a great reputation in Urdu
medium newspapers and had a respectable place in the Indian press, but it could
not continue for a long time.
Al-Hilal
Al-Hilal was founded, edited and published by Maulana
Abul Kalam Azad. Its first issue appeared on 13 July 1912, and was well-timed
in the contemporary political atmosphere. Muslim India was in ferment and was
likely to be swayed to emotion. The annulment of the partition of Bengal had
compelled the Muslims to abandon the policy of political quietism and reliance
on the government. Al-Hilal generally published serious articles and religious
literature. A substantial portion of al-Hilal was devoted to photographs and
article on Turkey. The Muslim leaders differed with political vies of Azad. He
was not in favour of a separate platform for the Indian Muslims. He as against
the division of India and opposed to be creation of Pakistan. The period of
Azad’s career as a journalist came to an end after three and half years. In 1914,
the First World War started, and on account of certain pro-German articles the
security of al-Hilal was forfeited, and it was asked to deposit another sum of
Rs. 10,000 which brought its publication to an end. Although its political
views were controversial yet its contribution in the field of religion was
remarkable. Maulana Azad started another weekly, Al-Bilagh. This also came to
an end in 1916 when the Maulana was externed from Bengal.
Muslim Press in 1940s
Towards the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th
century the Hindu newspapers, novels and other writings were concentrating on
Hindu revivalism and fanning the flames of Hindu-Muslim antagonism. These
activities of Hindu press provoked the Muslims. With the advent of the Congress
rule in various provinces under Government of India Act 1935, they had
sustained atrocious Congress injustice, which was later catalogued in the
Pirpur Report. The comments of the Pirpur Report on the congress oppression,
even in more lurid and gruesome details, were published in the Dawn and
Manshoor under a series of articles captioned ‘It Shall Never Happen Again’.
“The described how the Muslims were forbidden from eating beef, their prayer
meetings were disturbed and sometimes attacked and desecrated, and how Muslims
suffered a much heavier toll of life and property in the riots that took place
during the two and half years of Congress administration”.
There was a marked change from appeasement to
resistance in the Muslim mood henceforth, which could be seen in the Muslim
newspapers, Confident defiance in the attitude of Bengali Muslims was growing
into an open challenge. The revolutionary poem, given below, recited at the
Muslim League Conference at Mymensingh in March 1941, was a clear indicator of
the surging tide of an aggressive mode:
“The oppressed remain silent by seeing the hypocrisy
of the idolatrous Hindus on death-like eddy!
O victorious soliders; march forward on our religious pilgrimage of the Kaba under the banner of the League…
O victorious soliders; march forward on our religious pilgrimage of the Kaba under the banner of the League…
We want Pakistan, a proper division
If it cannot be achieved by words. Muslims
Are not afraid to use swords and spears.
If it cannot be achieved by words. Muslims
Are not afraid to use swords and spears.
Where are the Muslim youths! We shall attain
The desire of their hearts by typing down the wild tiger.
Come quickly – break down Somnath…”
The desire of their hearts by typing down the wild tiger.
Come quickly – break down Somnath…”
This poem was published in the Bengali daily Azad.
Thus, the Muslim press assumed a new tone and mood. It helped the Muslim masses
to form their own opinion on national and international issues. Although the
British Government tried her best to repress and strangulate the Muslim press
but it succeeded to establish its prestige and associated itself with the
desire and aspiration of the Muslim community. The Muslim press projected and
protected the Muslim community. The Muslim press projected and protected the
Muslim cause very effectively. “The Muslim League had built up a very strong
press, particularly in Urdu. Delhi had Anjam, Jang and Manshoor in Urdu, and
Dawn in English, Lahore produced Inqilab, Nawa-i-Waqt,, and Zamindar in Urdu.
Earlier, Lucknow had its Hamdam. Calcutta produced Asr-i-Jadid in Urdu, Azad
Bengali and Star of India in English. There were many besides these prominent
newspapers.”
Zamindar
The most important Urdu newspaper published from
Lahore was the Zamindar. It was edited by Maulana Zafar Ali Khan
(1837 – 1956). He was an eminent scholar who command mastery on prose and
poetry. His writings filled the hearts of the Muslim community with religious
enthusiasm and a devotion to an independent homeland. Zamindar, in
fact, was symbol of the idea of Pakistan and it waged a fierce battle against
Hindu domination and British imperialism. Zamindar strongly
supported the League’s demand for Pakistan and its objectives. It was
considered to be a “naked sword” for the Hindu and the British. Zamindar succeeded
to bring about a revolution among the Muslim masses add motivated them to
achieve their cherished goal-Pakistan. After the partition Zamindar was
closed down.
Nawa-i-Waqt
It is the name of a powerful and prestigious daily
newspaper in Urdu which played a dynamic role in the Pakistan Movement. It was
founded in 1940 by an enthusiastic student leader and founder president of the
Punjab Muslim Students Federation. It had a very modest beginning. It started
as a small-size fortnightly. The first issue was dated 29 March 1940. Later, in
November 1942, it became a weekly and afterwards a daily newspaper. The Muslim
press in the Punjab, with the exception of the daily Ehsan, was under the firm
control of the Unionist Party. The British and Hindu Press had launched a
campaign of malicious propaganda against the Muslims community and its
leadership. The Nawa-i-Waqt very successfully defused all these baseless
fabrications, and Hameed Nizami had to work immensely hard on this front.
When there started a war of wits between the Hindu and
Muslim newspapers, the Nawa-i-Waqt was made a target of attacks by the Hindu
press. Hameed Nizami, the young and daring journalist, with his powerful pen
and style tackled the situation valiantly. He introduced new trends and innovations
in the traditional journalism. He wrote very argumentative and lucid prose
which instantly convinced the readers and cast a great impact on their views.
He was an undisputed leader of the contemporary young generation of journalists
who accelerated the pace of journalistic progress before and after the
Partition.
The Nawa-i-Waqt had a character of its own. It was the
mouthpiece of the younger generations which had been inspired by Iqbal: its
management was competent and although it was a privately owned newspaper, for
all practical purpose it was the organ of the Muslim League which kept a
critical watch on what the Unionist party was doing to bolster up the Zamindar League.
It published poems and article in support of the demand for Pakistan and became
a powerful factor in forming public opinion in the Punjab”. The role of
Nawa-i-Waqt and its editor Hameed Nzami was no doubt without parallel as it
gave voice to the Muslim community which was formerly fighting for rights,
guarantees and safeguards in united India. This position was now changed into a
demand for an independent home for the Indian Muslims. In this revolutionary
change the Muslim press, especially the Nawa-i-Waqt, played a pivotal role.
According to S.M Ikram: “Hameed Nizami’s greatest contribution to national
struggle came through the newspaper Nawa-i-Waqt, which became mouthpiece of the
new generation struggling for the achievement of Pakistan.
Ehsan
The Ehsan, founded in 1934, was another contemporary
daily newspaper which also wielded a great deal of influence on the political
currents of the subcontinent it was edited by Maulana Murtaza Khan Maikash who
was a well-known journalist, and who later edited the daily Shahbaz of
Peshawar. Ehsan mustered useful support for the Pakistan Movement.
At this stage, Muhammad Shafi, popularly known
as “Meem Sheen” and T.K. Durrani richly contributed to
journalistic literature. They projected and consolidated the stand of Muslim
League and were a great source of strength for the Pakistan Movement. They immensely
contributed to the demand for Pakistan. These journalists were also members of
the Punjab Muslims Students Federation and they championed the caused of
Pakistan with devotion and dedication.
Apart from these main centres of the Muslim press in
Lahore, Bombaby and Calcutta, the other centres of Muslim newspapers and
periodicals had been places like Quetta, Karachi and Lyallpur (now Faisalabad)
etc. The Daily “Sa‘adat, edited by Nasikh Saifi, was published from Lyallpur,
It was an Urdu newspapers which faithfully represented and projected the views
of All-India Muslim League. Sa ‘adat wielded a considerable influence on the
Muslim of the region. The Muslim press from these centres went a long way to
unite the Muslim masses under the green flag of the League for the cause of
Pakistan.
Dawn
The daily Dawn was published from Delhi. It was
founded by the Quaid-i-Azam to meet the dire need of an English daily which
could act as a powerful organ of the League as “the Hindu press had not left
any gun in its armoury unfired at the Muslims”. It was edited by Altaf Hussain
who was a prolific writer. According to M.A.H. Ispahani, “…..Dawn, which had
captured, substantial Muslim readership throughout the north and the adjoining
Muslim areas, began to grow stronger and stronger with he passage of each
month. There was no looking back until partition compelled a shift from
Daryaganj, old Delhi, to Karachi. But as we all know, before the machinery and
records could be brought over, the office and printing press of Dawn were burnt
and destroyed by Hindu and Sikh hooligans. So what was actually brought over
were the name Dawn, the editor, Altaf Hussain, and I now understand, a cheque
book of an Indian bank at Delhi where the funds of Dawn lay frozen”.
Another couple of newspapers, Al-Aman and Wahdat from
Delhi also played a significant role in the Pakistan Movement. They were edited
by Maulana Mazhar-ud-Din who was a courageous man. He bravely fought for the
cause of Pakistan and very fervently presented the idea of separation of
Muslims from Hindus. He met with a martyr’s death.
The other centres of Muslim journalism included Sindh,
the N.W.F.P. and Baluchistan, al-Wahid was published in Sindh. In the N.W.F.P.,
a good number of journalists made an excellent contribution to strengthen the
Pakistan Movement. Notable names amongst them were Allah Bakhsh Yousufi, Rahim
Bakhsh Ghazanvi, Maulana Abdur Rauf, Ghaus Sahrai, Abdul Akbar Khan and many
others. They weekly al-Islam was published from Queetta. It was founded by Qazi
Muhammad Isa and edited by Maulana Abdul Karim who was a well known religious
scholar. The objective of al-Islam was to apprise the Muslim of Baluchistan of
the message of Muslim League. Another weekly newspapers Tanzim was also
published from Queeta under the patronage of Sardar Mir Ja’far Khan Jmali. It
was daring and dauntless supporter of the Pakistan movement in Baluchistan. Its
editor was a famous Urdu writer Nasim Hijazi, The editor, narrating an incident
of the devotion of Sardar Mir Ja’far Khan Jamali to the cause of Pakistan, said
that the Sardar Sahab one day in a single sitting dictate names of 500 leading
personalities of Baluchistan to whom complimentary copies of the Tanzim had to
be sent regularly, because he was of the view that if these 500 leadings
Muslims were mentally associated with the Pakistan movement, the entire
Baluchistan would resound with the slogans of Pakistan Zindabad; and so it
happened.
The Muslim Press and newspapers were, no doubt, quite
alert and active on their respective fronts. They were engaged in a continuous
fierce battle against the League’s opponents and successfully refuted their
subtle and malicious propaganda against her leadership. They took the message
of the League to every nook and corner of the subcontinent; explained the
rationale of Pakistan to the Muslim masses and mustered their support for
Pakistan. Thus, through their untiring efforts they made the task of the
Quaid-i-Azam easier and the creation of Pakistan inevitable. By
Nazria-e-Pakistan Trust Written by Prof. Abdul Sattar
English
1. Although he worked hard, yet he
could not succeed.
اگر چہ اس نے
محنت کی لیکن وہ کامیاب نہ ہو سکا۔
2. Although he was innocent, yet he was punished.
اگرچہ وہ بے
گناہ تھا لیکن اسے سزا مل گءی۔
3. Although he was not at fault, yet
his father beat him black and blue.
اگرچہ وہ غلطی
پر نہ تھا لیکن اس کے والد نے اسے مار مار کر ادھ موا کر دیا۔
4. Although he ran very fast, yet he
missed the train.
اگرچہ وہ بہت
تیز بھاگا لیکن وہ گاڑی سے رہ گیا۔
5. Although this river has a very
high speed, yet I shall swim across.
اگرچہ یہ دریا
بہت تیز رفتار ہے لیکن میں اسے تیر کر عبور کروں گا۔
6. Unless you confess your guilt, he
will not forgive you.
جب تک تم اپنے
قصور کا اعتراف نہیں کرو گے، وہ تمہیں معاف نہیں کرے گا۔
7. Unless I pass B.A, I shall not
sit with rest.
جب تک میں یہاں
ہوں تمہیں کوءی نقصان نہ پہنچا سکے گا۔
8. As long as I am here, nobody will
be able to harm you.
جب تک میں یہاں
ہوں تمہیں کوءی نقصان نہ پہنچا سکے گا۔
9. As long as you remain honest, the people will respect you.
جب تک تم دیانت
دار رہو گے لوگ تمہاری عزت کرتے رہیں گے۔
10. He gets up early in the morning
so that h may take exercise in the open air.
وہ صبح سویرے
اٹھتا ہے تاکہ وہ کھلی ہوا میں ورزش کر سکے۔
11. He takes medicine daily so that
he may recover.
وہ ہر روز دوا
پیتا ہے تاکہ صحت یاب ہو جاءے۔
12. Chew the meal well so that you
may digest it easily.
کھانا چبا کر
کھاو تاکہ جلدی ہضم ہو جاءے۔
13. If you do not write hurriedly,
the time will be over.
اگر تم جلدی نہ
لکھو گے تو وقت ختم ہو جائے گا۔
14. Unless we work together, Pakistan cannot make progress.
پاکستان کی ترقی
نہیں کر سکتا جب تک کہ ہم مل جل کر کام نہ کریں۔
15. Unless you mend your ways, I
shall not help you.
جب تک تم اپنے
اطوار ٹھیک نہ کرو گے میں تمہاری مدد نہیں کروں گا۔
16. Eat light diet until you recover
completely.
جب تک تم پوری
طرح صحت یاب نہ ہو جاؤ ہلکی غذا کھانا۔
17. Do not eat stale things lest you
should fail ill.
باسی چیزیں نہ
کھاؤ ایسا نہ ہو کہ بیمار ہو جاؤ۔
18. Keep him at an arm’s length lest
he should harm you.
اسے منہ نہ لگاؤ
ایسا نہ ہو کہ تمہیں نقصان پہنچائے۔
19. Do not drink this water lest it
should have germs.
یہ پانی مت پیو
مبادا اس میں کیڑے ہوں۔
20. Walk carefully lest you should
fail.احتیاط سے چلو ایسا نہ ہو کہ گر جاؤ
Exercise 2
1. Aslam not only snatched my bag
but also beat me.
اسلم نے نہ صرف میرا
بستہ ہی چھینا بلکہ مجھے پیٹا بھی۔
2. Allama Iqbal was not only a great poet but also a great
politician.
علامہ اقبال نہ
صرف ایک بڑے شاعر ہی تھے بلکہ بہت بڑے سیاستدان بھی تھے۔
3. Usman not only plays cricket but
also plays hockey.
عثمان نہ صرف
کرکٹ ہی کھیلتا ہے بلکہ ہاکی بھی۔
4. This street is not only narrow
but also dark.
یہ گلی نہ صرف
تنگ ہی ہے بلکہ تاریک بھی ہے۔
5. Our headmaster is not only a
great scholar but also a good poet.
ہمارے ہیڈ ماسٹر
صاحب نہ صرف ایک بڑے عالم ہی ہیں بلکہ ایک اچھے
شاعر بھی ہیں۔
6. I had hardly reached home when
the sun set.
میں مشکل سے گھر
پینچا ہی تھا کہ سورج ڈوب گیا۔
7. We had hardly started our work
when it began to thunder.
ہم نے مشکل سے
اپنا کام شروع ہی کیا تھا کہ بادل گرچنے لگا۔
8. Scarcely had the baby cut teeth
when he fell ill.
بچے نے مشکل سے
دانت نکالنے شروع ہی کیے تھے کہ بیمار پڑگیا۔
9. Scarcely had I opened the book
when the light went out.
میں نے بمشکل
کتاب کھولی ہی تھی کہ بتیاں بجھ گئیں۔
10. Scarcely had we read ten pages
when the last bell rang.
ہم نے مشکل سے
دس صفحے پڑھے ہوں گے کہ چھٹی کی گھنٹی بج گئی۔
11. Not to speak of milk, we did not
get even water there.
دودھ کا تو ذکر
ہی کیا ہمیں تو وہاں پانی بھی نہ ملا۔۔
12. Not to speak of jumping, he
cannot even get up from the bed.
اچھلنے کودنے کا
تو ذکر ہی کیا وہ تو بستر سے اٹھ بھی نہیں سکتا۔
13. Not to speak of fresh fruit,
there was not available even unripe fruit.
تازہ پھل کا تو
ذکر ہی کیا وہاں تو کچا پھل بھی نہ ملتا تھا۔
14. Not to speak of coming here, he
does not even write a letter to us.
یہاں آنا تو
درکنار وہ تو ہمیں چٹھی بھی نہیں لکھتا۔
15. I had hardly started talking
breakfast when someone knocked at the door.
میں نے ناشتا
شروع کیا ہی تھا کہ کسی نے دروازے پر دستک دی۔
16. He had hardly reached the examination
hall when the paper started.
وہ بمشکل کمرہ
امتحان میں پہنچا ہی تھا کہ پرچہ شروع ہو گیا۔
17. He had hardly recovered when the
rainy season set in.
وہ مشکل سے صحت
یاب ہوا ہی تھا کہ موسم برسات شروع ہو گیا۔
18. He is not only a good speaker
but also an author.
وہ نہ صرف ایک
اچھا مقرر ہی ہے بلکہ مصنف بھی ہے۔
19. Pakistan is not only a fertile
country but also strong.
پاکستان نہ صرف
ایک زرخیز ملک ہی ہے بلکہ طاقت ور بھی ہے۔
20. Not to speak of meat, there was
not available even stale vegetables.
گوشت تو درکنار وہاں
تو باسی سبزی بھی نہیں مل سکتی۔
Exercise 3
1. Safooran and Razia help each
other.
صفوراں اور رضیہ
ایک دوسرے کی مدد کرتی ہیں۔
2. Hira and Sumaira took breakfast.حرا اور سمیرا نے ناشتا کر لیا۔
3. My brother and I are good at
Mathematics.
میں اور میرا
بھائی دونوں ریاضی میں اچھے ہیں۔
4. Two and two make four.دو اور دو چار ہوتے ہیں۔
5. Either you or your brother has
broken our window-pane.
یا تو تم نے اور
یا تمہارے بھائی نے ہماری کھڑکی کا چوکھٹا توڑا ہے۔
6. Either Sana or her sister has painted
this portrait.
یا ثنا نے اس
تصویر میں رنگ بھرا ہے یا اسکی بہن نے۔
7. Neither Nauman nor Shahan has
injured any body’s feelings.
نہ تو نعمان نے
کسی کا دل دکھایا ہے اور نہ شاہان نے۔
8. Come what may, I shall climb up
the peak of this hill.
چاہے کچھ بھی ہو
میں اس پہاڑی کی چوٹی پر چڑھوں گا۔
9. Aslam is not so greedy as his
brother.اسلم اتنا لالچی نہیں ہے جتنا کہ اس کا بھائی۔
10. As far as I know, it is a
hearsay evidence.
جہاں تک میں جانتا
ہوں یہ سنی سنائی بات ہے۔
11. As you sow, so shall you reap.جو بوؤ گے وہی کاٹو گے۔
12. I would rather leave this place
than apologize.
میں یہ جگہ
چھوڑنا پسند کروں گا لیکن معافی نہیں مانگوں گا۔
13. He must act upon my advice
whether he likes it or not.
اسے میری نصیحت
پر عمل کرنا پڑے گا خواہ وہ اسے پسند کرے یا نہ کرے۔
14. He had better take a dose of
medicine.
اس کے لیے
بہترہے کہ دوا کی ایک خوراک پی لے۔
15. This is the same cloth as I
bought last year.
یہ تو اسی قسم
کا کپڑآ ہے جیسا کہ میں نے گزشتہ برس خریدا تھا۔
16. Come what may, I will teach you
a lesson.
خواہ کچھ بی ہو
میں تمہیں ضرور سبق سکھاؤں گا۔
17. However hard he may try, he
cannot succeed.
خواہ وہ کتنی ہی
کوشش کرے وہ کامیاب نہیں ہو سکتا۔
18. However loud you may shout, nobody will come to help you.
خواہ تم کتنا ہی
اونچا چلاؤ تمہاری مدد کو کوئی نہیں آئے گا۔
19. All these boys will have to pay the fine whether they like
it or not.
ان تمام لڑکوں
کو جرمانہ ادا کرنا پڑے گا خواہ وہ اسے پسند کریں یا نہ۔
20. Aslam and Hafeez come here
regularly.اسلم اور حفیظ دونوں یہاں باقاعدہ آتے ہیں۔
Exercise 4
1. He got his son admitted to the
medical college.
اس نے اپنے لڑکے
کو میڈیکل کالج میں داخل کروا دیا۔
2. I have got recommended by the
headmaster.
میں نے ہیڈ
ماسٹر صاحب سے اپنی سفارش کروائی ہے۔
3. The teacher got this rude boy
punished by the headmaster.
ماسٹر صاحب نے
اس گستاخ لڑکے کو ہیڈماسٹر صاحب سے سزا دلوائی۔
4. He made me wept by telling a sad
news.
اس نے مجھے ایک
افسوس ناک خبر سناکر رلا دیا۔
5. Our English teacher makes us
laugh from time to time while teaching a lesson.ہمارے
انگریزی کے ماسٹر صاحب ہمیں سبق پڑھاتے وقت وقتا فوقتا ہنسا دیتے ہیں۔
6. Will you get your house
white-washed?کیا آپ اپنے مکان کو سفیدی کروائیں گے؟
7. Why are you making the baby weep for nothing?
آپ خواہ مخواہ بچے کو کیوں رلا رہے ہیں؟
8. Who will get my shoes polished?کون میرے بوٹوں کو پالش کروائے گا؟
9. Please get this cheque cashed.مہربانی کر کے یہ چیک کیش کروا لائیں۔
10. Can you get my book returned
from him?
کیا آپ اس سے
میری کتاب واپس دلوا سکتے ہیں؟
11. Did Saleem get you punished by
your father?
کیا سلیم نے
تمہیں تمہارے والد سے سزا دلوائی؟
12. Did you make that weak man get
on the train?
کیا آپ نے اس
کمزور آدمی کو گاڑی پر چڑھنے میں مدد دی؟
13. Get this blind beggar crossed
the road.اس اندھے فقیر کو سڑک پار کروا دو۔
14. Your treatment made me say this.تمہارے سلوک نے مجھے یہ کہنے پر مجبور کیا
15. The teacher got this naughty boy
expelled from the school.
استاد نے اس
شرارتی لڑکے کو اسکول سے نکلوا دیا۔
16. Will you make me come out of
this trouble?
کیا آپ مجھے اس
شکل سے نکلنے میں مدد دیں گے؟
17. That woman got her children worn
new clothes.
اس عورت نے اپنے
بچوں کو نئے کپڑے پہنوائے۔
18. Get your life insured.اپنی زندگی کا
بیمہ کروا لو
19. Get all your books bound.اپنی تمام کتابوں کو جلد
بندھوالو
20. He made me sit in the chair.اس نے مجھے کرسی پر بٹھایا
From Imtiazi English Translation For
Higher Classes
Synonyms/Antonyms
Sr. No.
|
Words
|
Synonyms
|
Antonyms
|
1
|
Abuse
|
Pervert
|
Praise
|
2
|
Accede
|
Agree
|
Disagree
|
3
|
Accelerate
|
Advance
|
Retard
|
4
|
Accept
|
Obtain
|
Refuse
|
5
|
Accessory
|
Supplement
|
Essential
|
6
|
Accidental
|
Unexpected
|
Planned
|
7
|
Acclaim
|
Praise
|
Denounce
|
8
|
Accommodate
|
Adjust
|
Disoblige
|
9
|
Accomplice
|
Partner
|
Opponent
|
10
|
Accord
|
Concord
|
Discord
|
11
|
Accredit
|
Certify
|
Repudiate
|
12
|
Accumulate
|
Assemble
|
Disperse
|
13
|
Accuracy
|
Exactness
|
Inaccuracy
|
14
|
Accursed
|
Despicable
|
Blessed
|
15
|
Accuser
|
Blamer
|
Defendant
|
16
|
Accustomed
|
Habitual
|
Unusual
|
17
|
Achievement
|
Accomplishment
|
Failure
|
18
|
Acrid
|
Pungent
|
Sweet
|
19
|
Acknowledge
|
Recognize
|
Deny
|
20
|
Acme
|
Apex
|
Base
|
21
|
Acquisition
|
Possession
|
Loss
|
22
|
Acquire
|
Obtain
|
Lose
|
23
|
Acquit
|
Release
|
Captured
|
24
|
Advocate
|
Favour
|
Oppose
|
25
|
Actual
|
Real
|
False
|
26
|
Acumen
|
Wisdom
|
Stupidity
|
27
|
Acute
|
Severe
|
Dull
|
28
|
Adhere
|
Stick
|
Separate
|
29
|
Adamant
|
Rigid
|
Flexible
|
30
|
Adequate
|
Sufficient
|
Inadequate
|
General
Knowledge
Topic: Five
Countries
Germany:
·
Germany
is country in Europe with an area of 357022 square Km and population of
83200000 approx. Germany was also called as Prussia in the past
·
Capital
of Germany is Berlin (at the bank of Spree River). Euro is its official
currency. German is its official language Danube and Rhine are rivers that flow
through Germany
·
Angela
Markel is the current chancellor of Germany (Since 2005). FW Steinmeier is
current President of Germany.
·
Germany
was divided into East and West Germany but reunified in 1990
·
Germany
was called as Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1949. Adolf Hitler was the Fuhrer of
Nazi Germany. Germany triggered World War II by invading Poland in September 1,
1939 and destructed Warsaw, capital of Poland
·
One
third land area of Germany is covered by forests
·
Germany
is world’s fourth biggest Economy and largest European Economy
·
BND
is intelligence agency of Germany and DPA is news agency of Germany. Bundsteg
is the Parliament of Germany
·
Germany won football world cup in 2014. Bundes
Lega is the Football league of Germany
Ghana:
·
Ghana
is a country in Western Africa. It has an area of 240000 square km and
Population of 31000000 approx. It is
bordered by Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Togo and Gulf of Guinea.
·
Accra
is the capital of Ghana. Ghanaian Cedi is the currency of Ghana. English is the
official language of Ghana
·
It
got independence from UK in March 1957 and current President is Nana
Afuko-Addo.
·
BNI
is intelligence agency of Ghana and GNA is news agency of Ghana
·
Famous
Secretary General of UN and the only African Secretary General was Kofi Annan
who belonged to Ghana
·
Volta
River flows in Ghana. Ghana was formerly called Gold Coast
Greece:
·
Greek
(also known as Hellas or Hellenic Republic) is a country in Southern Europe
that shares border with Turkey, Bulgaria, Albania and North Macedonia. It has
coastline with Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
·
Athens
is its Capital. Greek is its official language. Euro is its official currency
·
Greece
got independence from Ottoman Empire in March 1821. Kyriakos Mitsotakis is
current Prime minister of Greece.
·
Hellenic
is the name of Parliament of Greece. Greece has 11th longest
coastline in the world while 1st in Mediterranean Basin.
·
Greece
and Turkey fought war in 1974 over Cyprus issue.
·
EYP
or NIS is secret agency of Greece and ANA is news agency of Greece.
·
Haliacmon
is the famous river of Greece. Athens is located at the bank of Ilisos River.
·
State
of Rhodes was built in Greece which is considered as Mystery.
Georgia:
·
Georgia
is a small country in Caucasus Region ﴿قاف
کوہ﴿ of Eurasia. It is bordered by Russia, Turkey,
Azerbaijan and Armenia. It has coastline with Black Sea
·
Tbilisi
is the capital of Georgia. Georgian Lari is its official currency. Georgian is
its official language
·
It was
separated from Soviet Union in December 1991
·
Giorgi
Gakharia is its Prime minister. Sakartvelo is the Parliament of Georgia
·
GHN
is news agency while GIS is intelligence agency of Georgia
Guatemala:
·
It
is a small country in Central America which is bordered by Mexico, Bezille,
Honduras, and El Salvador. It has coastline along with Pacific and Atlantic
Ocean (Gulf of Honduras).
·
Its
capital is Guatemala City. Its official language is Spanish. It got independence
from Spain in 1821. Quetzal is its official currency
·
Alejandaro
Giammattei is current President of Guatemala. It is famous for volcanoes and
rainforest.
·
AFP
is news while D-2 is intelligence agency of Guatemala
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