14th
April 2020 Syllabus
Pak Study
SHAH WALIULLAH
Introduction:-
Shah Waliullah is known as a great, religio-political thinker who
took the lead in the reawakening of the Muslims of sub-continent. Shah
Waliullah Muhaddis Dehlvi was born on February 21, 1703. He was named
Qutb-ud-Din, but is better known by his title Waliullah, given to him by virtue
of his goodness and piety. His father, Shah Abdul Rahim, was a sufi and
theologian of great repute. He was the founding member and teacher of the
Madrasa-i-Rahimiyah in Delhi. Shah Abdul Rahim was associated with the
completion of famous Islamic legal text “Fatawa-i-Alamgiri”. Shah Wali Ullah
received his academic and spiritual education from his father. He memorized the
Holy Quran and gained the knowledge of Tafseer, Hadith, spiritualism,
mysticism, metaphysics, logic and Ilm-ul-Kalam while still in his boyhood. After
mastering these subjects, he turned his attention to the Sahih Bukhari and
Islamic Jurisprudence. He also studied medicine and tibb. After acquiring this
knowledge, he taught at his father’s Madrassa for 12 years. He left for Arabia
in 1730 for higher education. During his stay in Arabia, he was influenced by
Sheikh Abu Tahir bin Ibrahim, a renowned scholar of the time. He studied in Medina
for 14 years, where he obtained his Sanad in Hadith. It is believed that which
Shah Waliullah was in Arabia, he was blessed with a vision of the Holy Prophet
(SAW) and tidings that he would be influential in organizing the reform of
Muslims in India.
By
the time he returned to Delhi, the decline in Mughal fortunes had started. The
social, political, economic and religious conditions of the Muslims were very
poor. On his return to India, he not only identified the causes for the decline
of the Muslims, but also pointed out the remedies. Shah Waliullah believed that
the various problems Muslims faced were due to their ignorance about Islam and
the Holy Quran. He, therefore, personally trained a number of students who were
entrusted with the task of spreading Islam.
Decay
of Muslims: When Shah
Waliullah returned to the sub-continent, he saw the Muslims were leading a
miserable life. Afer the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, his successors indulged in
luxurious life. Disunity among the princes led great empire to civil wars and
there spread anarchy all over the subcontinent. Such a state of affairs was
ripe for foreign interventions. The British had established their business centers
during the period of Jahangir. Marathas were advancing to Delhi. The European
nations were struggling for domination in the sub-continent. The British had
entered in Bengal and Deccan. Shah Waliullah minutely studied these events.
Services
Rendered by Shah Waliullah:-
1.
Efforts for preserving Muslim Rule in India: After
the weakening of Muslim power, Marathas emerged as the biggest threat to the
Muslim rule in the sub-continent. It seemed certain that Marathas would capture
the throne of Delhi easily. Realizing the gravity of the situation, Shah
Waliullah wrote to Afghan King Ahmad Shah Abdali to liberate the Muslim
community, resultantly Ahmad Shah crushed the Marathas in the third battle of
Panipat and the Muslim rule in the sub-continent was saved from imminent
collapse.
2.
Translation of Holy Quran: The most
monumental task he performed was to translate the Quran from Arabic to Persian
which was the language spoken by the Muslims at that time in India. His aim was
that educated Muslims may have access to the Quran without depending on the
scholars who had opposed his reformatory measures. The short sighted Ulemas
gathered and wanted to kill him for his sin of translating the Quran from
Arabic to Persian but he continued with his task till he completed it.
3.
Conciliation between Muslims: Shah
Waliullah realized the necessity of Muslim solidarity at a very critical
juncture of their history. For this purpose he tried to eliminate shia-sunni
rivalry. He wrote “Izalat-al-Khifa” to eliminate active hostility between shia
and sunni. Secondly, he also tried to reconcile opposing strands of Sufism.
4.
Ijtehad: Shah Waliullah was a firm believer
of the institution of Ijtehad. He considered Ijtehad obligatory because each
age presents new problems and new situations which were not envisaged by the
lawmakers of bygone days. But he also believed that Ijtehad is an exhaustive
endeavor and should only be performed by well versed theologians. In his work
“Hujjatulah al Baligah” he discussed in detail the intellectual and scholastic
requirement of a mujtahid and general principles of Ijtehad.
5.
Economic Principles: Shah Waliullah
believed that the basic cause of wealth is labour and labourers and farmers are
earning faculties. He professed htat gambling and profligacy centers should be
wiped out as they cannot develop a right system of wealth distribution. He
detested the accumulation of wealth in a minor fraction of society.
6.
Political Services: Apart from his
religious services, Shah Waliullah provided leadership to the Muslims in the
political field. He came out with his great wisdom and foresight to create
political awakening in the Muslims of India. The rise of Marhattas and Sikhs
had posed serious problems to the Muslim rulers. The Muslim rulers were no more
in a position to withhold the supremacy of the Muslim rule which was gravely
jeopardized by the emergence of Marhattas and Sikhs. The Marhattas wanted to
crush the Muslim rule former.
Shah Waliullah came up to tackle this
precarious situation. He had righlty noticed that if the Marhattas were not
checked effectively, the political power of Muslims would disappear forever. He
wrote letters to the noble Muslim leaders and informed them of the critical
situation hanging on the head of the Mughal rule. He eventually won over
Najib-ul-Dola and Siraj-ul-Dola against Marhattas.
However, the Muslim chiefs were unable to
face Marhattas. The resources were inadequate to crush the Marhattas. Shah
Waliullah, therefore, looked towards Ahmad Shah Abdali who came in India and
inflicted a crushing defeat on Marhattas at the third battle of Panipat in
1761. The victory blasted the Marhatta’s power and paved way for revival of
Islam in India.
Conclusion:
The movement of political as well as spiritual regeneration did not
die with Shah Waliullah. His talented son
Shah Abdul Aziz and his worthy disciples and successors strove for the
realization of his mission. The echo of the third battle of Panipat was heard
in the battle of Balakot. Both are the landmarks of the same struggle. Shah
Waliullah was responsible for awakening in the community the desire to win back
it’s lost glory.
Shah Waliullah was not only an
interpreter of the Holy Quran and Hadith but also an economist and sociologist.
He had laid down parameters for a new social contract in the light of teachings
of Islam in 18th century.
CONSULTED FROM: KIPS PAKISTAN AFFAIRS
English
Exercise 5
1. The full moon is shining.پورا چاند چمک رہا ہے
2. Is it blowing hard? کیا تیز ہوا چل رہی ہے؟
3. Is the gale blowing? کیا آندھی چل رہی ہے؟
4. Is Hafeez saying his lesion? کیا حفیظ اپنا سبق سنا رہا ہے؟
5. Are some birds soaring high in
the air?
کیا بعض پرندے
ہوا میں بلند پرواز کر رہے ہیں؟
6. I am feeling headache. میرے سر میں درد ہو رہا ہے
7. Are they trying to cross the
stream?
کیا وہ ندی کو
عبور کرنے کی کوشش کر رہے ہیں؟
8. He is suffering from fever. اسے بخار چڑھا ہوا ہے
9. It is not raining heavily. موسلا دھار بارش نہیں ہو رہی
10. The juggler is showing feats. مداری کرتب دکھا رہا ہے
11. Are you feeling sleepy? کیا تمہیں نیند آ رہی ہے؟
12. Grandmother is telling a story
to the children.
دادی اماں بچوں
کو کہانی سنا رہی ہیں۔
13. The fire is spreading all
around. آگ چاروں طرف پھیل رہی ہے
14. My servant is not lighting the
lamp. میرا نوکر لیمپ روشن نہیں کر رہا
15. Is he feeling hungry? کیا اسے بھوک لگی ہوئی ہے؟
16. I am feeling uneasy. میرا دل بے چین ہو رہا ہے
17. They are waiting for the result
impatiently.
وہ بے صبری سے
نیتجے کا انتظار کر رہے ہیں۔
18. Naseema is not pressing the
clothes.نسیمہ کپڑے استری نہیں کر رہی
19. Both the friends are shaking
hands. دونوں دوست آپس میں ہاتھ ملا رہے ہیں
20. Why are you putting this matter
off?تم اس بات کو کیوں ٹال رہے ہو؟
21. He is not feeling nausea. اس کا جی نہیں متلا رہا ہے
22. She is leading a prosperous
life.وہ خوش حال زندگی بسر کر رہی ہے
Exercise 2
1. Haneef has made a century. حنیف نے سنچری بنا لی ہے
2. The doctor has tried his best to
save the patient.
ڈاکٹر صاحب نے
مریض کو بچانے کی پوری پوری کوشش کی ہے۔
3. Has he struck the match? کیا اس نے دیا سلائی جلائی ہے؟
4. Pakistan has made progress by
leaps and bounds.
پاکستان دن دگنی
رات چوگنی ترقی کر رہا ہے۔
5. Have you ever visited the zoo? کیا تم نے کبھی چڑیا گھر کی سیر کی ہے؟
6. I have received his telegram just
now. مجھے ابھی ابھی اس کا تار ملا ہے
7. Have you rented any shop? کیا تم نے کوئی دکان کرایے پر لے لی ہے؟
8. Aslam has not yet fulfilled his
promise. اسلم نے ابھی تک اپنا وعدہ پورا نہیں کیا ہے
9. I have not applied for a job. میں نے نوکری کے لئے کوئی درخواست نہیں دی ہے
10. The doctor has not examined the
patient.
ڈاکٹر صاحب نے
مریض کا معائنہ نہیں کیا ہے۔
11. Have you taken the dose of
medicine? کیا تم نے دوا کی خوراک پی لی ہے؟
12. The rainy season has set in. برسات کا موسم شروع ہو گیا ہے
13. Has the meeting not come to an
end? کیا جلسہ ختم نہیں ہوا ہے؟
14. He has made/committed a blunder. اس نے سخت غلطی کی ہے۔
15. You have not made it a good
bargain. تم نے یہ اچھا سودا نہیں کیا ہے
16. We have taken tea. ہم چائے پی چکے ہیں
17. I have made up of my mind to
pass the examination this year.
میں نے اس سال
امتحان پاس کرنے کا پکا ارادہ کر لیا ہے؟
18. You have done a favor to me. آپ نے مجھ پر احسان کیا ہے
19. Have you paid your debt? کیا تم نے اپنا قرضہ ادا کر دیا ہے؟
20. I have put him off. میں نے اسے ٹال دیا ہے
21. He has done his duty. اس نے اپنا فرض پورا کر دیا ہے
22. I have heard this news. میں نے یہ خبر سن لی ہے
Exercise 3
1. The fountains have been playing
since morning.
فوارے صبح سے چل
رہے ہیں۔
2. The farmers have been reaping the
crop for ten days.
کسان دس روز سے
فصل کاٹ رہے ہیں۔
3. Aslam has been ill for a week. اسلم ہفتہ بھر سے بیما رہے
4. Have the boys been trying to
solve this difficult sum for two hours?
کیا لڑکے دو
گھنٹے سے اس مشکل سوال کو حل کرنے کی کوشش کر رہے ہیں؟
5. I have been knocking at your door
for fifteen minutes.
میں پندرہ منٹ
سے آپ کے دروازے پر دستک دے رہا ہوں۔
6. We have been living in this house
for ten years.
ہم دس سال سے اس
مکان میں رہ رہے ہیں۔
7. Has it been raining continuously
for three hours?
کیا تین گھنٹے
سے متواتر بارش ہو رہی ہے؟
8. Have the laborers been digging
the well for ten days?
کیا مزدور دس
روز سے کنواں کھود رہے ہیں؟
9. What have you been doing here
since morning?
آپ صبح سے یہاں
کیا کر رہے ہیں؟
10. Have they been packing their
luggage for two hours?
کیا وہ دو گھنٹے
سے اپنا اسباب باندھ رہے ہیں؟
11. Has the baby not been cutting
teeth for the last month?
کیا بچہ پچھلے
مہینے سے دانت نہیں نکال رہا؟
12. I have been feeling dizzy since
morning.
صبح سے میرا سر
چکرا رہا ہے۔
13. He has not been absent for two
days.
وہ دو دن سے غیر
حاضر نہیں ہے۔
14. They have been living in this
house since 1962.
وہ 1962 سے اس
گھر میں رہ رہے ہیں۔
15. Has your neighbor not been
revising his lesson for three months?
کیا آپ کا
ہمسایہ تین ماہ سے اپنا سبق دہرا رہا ہے؟
16. I have been reading the
newspaper for many days.
میں کئی دنوں سے
اخبار پڑھ رہا ہوں۔
17. Since when has the juggler been
showing the feats?
مداری کب سے
اپنے کرتب دکھا رہا ہے؟
18. They have not been revising
their lesson for the last month.
وہ پچھلے ماہ سے
اپنا سبق نہیں دہرا رہے ہیں۔
19. Has it been snowing on the
mountains for many days?
کیا کئی دنوں سے
پہاڑوں پر برف پڑ رہی ہے؟
20. He has not been making a speech
since 3 o’clock in the afternoon.
وہ تین بچے سہ
پہر سے تقریر نہیں کر رہا۔
Exercise 4
1. We get up early in the morning
and go for a walk.
ہم صبح سویرے
اٹھتے اور سیر کو جاتے ہیں۔
2. He gets angry with me for
nothing.
وہ مجھ سے
خوامخواہ ناراض ہے
3. Does Aslam laugh at you?
کیا اسلم تمہارا
مذاق اڑاتا ہے؟
4. Do the stars shine at night?
کیا ستارے رات
کو چمکتے ہیں؟
5. I do not injure anybody’s
feelings.
میں کسی کا دل
نہیں دکھاتا۔
6. Do you live only on vegetables?
کیا تم صرف
سبزیوں پر گزارا کرتے ہو؟
7. His father does not deal in
sugar.
اس کا باپ چینی
کی تجارت نہیں کرتا۔
8. The boys are clapping. لڑکے تالیاں بجا رہے ہیں۔
9. The divers are diving in the
river. غوطہ خور دریا میں غوطہ لگا رہے ہیں
10. The baby is sucking its thumb. بچہ اپنا انگوٹھا چوس رہا ہے
11. Is the tailor taking measure of
you?کیا درزی تمہارا ماپ لے رہا ہے؟
12. Is he sewing my clothes? کیا وہ میرے کپڑے سی رہا ہے؟
13. Is he not making false excuses? کیا وہ جھوٹے بہانے نہیں بنا رہا ہے؟
14. The boys are not wasting their
time now-a-days.
آج کل لڑکے اپنا
وقت ضائع نہیں کر رہے ہیں۔
15. He has been repairing the
bicycle of two hours.
وہ دو گھنٹوں سے
اپنی سائیس
16. The girls have plucked many
flowers. لڑکیوں نے بہت سے پھول چن لیے ہیں
17. Has the servant
posted the letter? کیا نوکر نے خط ڈاک میں ڈال دیا ہے؟
18. The doctor has declared his case
hopeless. ڈاکٹروں نے اسے جواب دے دیا ہے
19. Has he come here for a change of
climate?
کیا وہ یہاں آب
و ہوا کی تبدیلی کے لیے آیا ہے ؟
20. This girl takes after her
mother. یہ لڑکی پانی ماں سے مشابہ ہے
21. I am trying to light the fire. میں آگ جلانے کی کوشش کر رہا ہوں
22. The farmer has been ploughing
his field since morning.
کسان صبح سے اپنے کھیت میں ہل چلا رہا ہے۔
23. It has been raining heavily for
two days.
یہاں دو روز سے زور کی بارش ہو رہی ہے۔
24. For how long have you been ill? آپ کب سے بیمار ہیں؟
25. My watch keeps correct time now.اب میری گھڑی درست وقت دیتی ہے
Idioms: 1. At one’s beck and call (ہر دم تیار)
2. At sixes and sevens (بے ترتیب)
3. At the eleventh Hour(آخری لمحات میں )
4. At draggers drawn (دشمنی پر آمادہ)
5. An eye wash(آنکھ کا دھوکا)
6. A wild goose chase(فضول کام )
7. A narrow escape (بال بال بچنا)
8. At home (مہارت ہونا)
9. A fair weather friend (مطلبی دوست)
10. A bed of roses (پھولوں کی سیج)
11. A casting vote (فیصلہ کن ووٹ)
12. A curtain lecture (بیوی کی جھڑکیاں)
13. A fish out of water (بے چین)
14. A far cry from (واضح فرق ہونا)
15. A white elephant (ایسا کام جس کا فائدہ
کم اور خرچہ زیادہ ہو)
16. A rolling stone (ایک جگہ پر نہ ٹھہرنے
والا شخص)
17. A rotten egg(ایک گندی مچھلی )
18. An Amazon(مضبوط عزم والی خاتون)
19. Back out(وعدے سے مکرنا)
20. Bad Blood (دشمنی)
General
Knowledge
Topic: ECO,
BRICS, SAARC, OIC, ARAB LEAGUE
ECO:
·
RCD
(Regional Co-operation for Development) was established in 1964 by Pakistan,
Iran and Turkey.
·
In
1979, due to Revolution in Iran, RCD headquarter was closed.
·
In
1985, RCD was renewed and was named as ECO (Economic Co-operation
Organization).
·
Headquarter
of ECO is located in Tehran, Capital of Iran.
·
ECO
was enlarged in 1992-93. Now, ECO has ten members including Pakistan, Iran,
Turkey, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
·
Its
all members are Muslim Countries.
·
Thirteen
meetings of ECO’s members have been held.
·
Last
Meeting was held in Pakistan in March 2017
BRICS:
·
BRICS
is an acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
·
It
was founded in June 2006
·
Its
first name was BRIC before South Africa joined it in 2010
·
It
includes emerging economic nations.
·
In
2016, BRICS summit was held in India, where it was decided to organize a
football cup between member countries. This was won by Brazil.
·
Its
official languages are Portuguese, Chinese, Hindi, Russian and English
·
These
all countries are also members of G-20 ( A group of world’s 20 biggest
economies)
·
BRICS
countries consists of 41% of the world population (Almost 3.2 Billion)
·
Its
headquarter is in Shanghai, China
·
Its
Summit was held in Brazil in 2019
SAARC:
·
SAARC
(South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation) was founded in 1985 in
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
·
Its
headquarter is in Kathmandu, Nepal
·
It
includes Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Maldives and
Sri Lanka
·
Its
members comprises 21% of the world population
·
Human
Resource and Energy centres of SAARC are located in Islamabad Pakistan
·
20th
SAARC summits have been held but 19th which was scheduled in
Islamabad Pakistan was canceled in 2016 because of Uri’s strike in India
OIC:
·
OIC
(Organization of Islamic Co-operation) was founded in September 1969 due to
fire in Al-Aqsa Masjid in 1969 .
·
It
has now 57 member states
·
Its headquarter
is located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
·
Its
first meeting was held in Rabat, Morocco
·
Second
meeting was held in Lahore in 1974 which became very famous and a summit
Minaret was built in Lahore Punjab Assembly
·
Last
Summit was held in Mecca in 2019
·
Shafiuiddin was the only Pakistani who
became Secretary General of OIC
ARAB LEAGUE:
·
Arab
league was founded in March, 1945 in Cairo, Egypt with six founding members
Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Lebanon
·
It
has 22 member states of North Africa and Western Asia
·
It
has 5 observer states including India
·
Its
last or 36th meeting was held in Tunisia
…………………………………………
Islamiyat: Question about Zakat has been asked frequently in Past Papers so
prepare it well keeping in mind the Islamic Economical System
Remember: Read an Article daily from AN
International Newspaper. Watch Documentaries on Al Jazeera BBC etc. Read a book
Daily. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YUIdmyI3AmpKv_ZPQn8g7I2s2wTrVhvm/view?usp=sharing
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