Day 4 According to PMS Schedule

16^th April 2020 Syllabus

Pakistan Studies

Educational Services of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

Note: This Topic has also been discussed in Youtube channel “Brainiacs Educationists”

Introduction: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, one of the architects of modern India was born on October 17, 1817 in Delhi and started his career as a civil servant. He came to the rescue of his co-religionists after the War of Independence 1857 when the British unleashed a wave of vengeance against the Muslims. As a result of the atrocities of the British, the Muslims were cut of the mainstream of political, social, economic and educational development. At this critical juncture, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first Muslim to realize that if the Muslims continued to keep themselves aloof then they would be completely absorbed by the Hindu community.

          Seeing this atmosphere of despair and despondency, Sir Syed launched his attempts to revive the spirit of progress within the Muslim community of India. He was convinced that the Muslims in their attempt to regenerate themselves, had failed to realize the fact that mankind had entered a very important phase of existence i.e., an era of science and learning. He knew that the realization of the very fact was the source of progress and prosperity for the British. Therefore, modern education became the pivot of his movement for regeneration of the Indian Muslims. He tried to transform the Muslim outlook from a medieval one to a modern one.

       He clearly foresaw the imperative need for the Muslims to acquire proficiency in the English language and modern sciences if the community were to maintain its social and political identity.

Educational Services:-

The Aligarh Movement: In 1875, Sir Syed founded the Madrasatul Uloom in Aligarh and patterned the MAO College after Oxford and Cambridge universities that he visited on a trip to London in 1869. His objective was to build a college in tune with the British education system but without compromising its Islamic values. He wanted his college to act as a bridge between the old and the new, the East and the West. While he fully appreciated the need and urgency of imparting instructions based on Western learning, he was not oblivious to the value of Oriental learning and wanted to preserve and transmit to posterity the rich legacy of the past.

     “The real greatness of Sir Syed consists in the fact that he was the first Indian Muslim who felt the need of a fresh orientation of Islam and worked for it --- his sensitive nature was the first to react to modern age.” (Sir Iqbal)

The aim of Sir Syed was not merely restricted to establishing a college at Aligarh but at spreading a network of Muslim managed educational institutions throughout the length and breadth of the country. Keeping in view this, he instituted All India Muslim Education Conference 1886 that revived the spirit of the Muslims at national level. The Aligarh Movement motivated the Muslims to help open a number of educational institutions. It was the first of its kind institute in India, which awakened the Muslims from their deep slumber and infused social and political awareness among them.

Education --- Panacea for Problems

To promote modern ideas and modern knowledge amongst the Muslims, Sir Syed devoted himself to promotion of Education. His educational movement was launched in the city of Aligarh. As Sir Syed believed that unless Muslims learn modern education they will not be able to play a role under the administrative and political system which the British colonial authority had established and they will be left behind and pushed to the periphery of the system. Unless they equip themselves and qualify they will not be able to seek government jobs and they will not be able to compete with the other communities.

Modern and Islamic Education

In 1872, a decision was made to set up a Muslim school system that would give modern as well as Islamic education. As one major bias amongst Muslims regarding the modern education was that the western education was alienating them from Islam. The British had established universities in India on the lines of British system of education and only a small number of Muslims were going to these institutions. Sir Syed was very much aware of this problem, therefore when he began to work for establishing the educational institutions he combined the two types of educational systems – western and Islamic. So he tried to do away with the perception that modern education cannot co-exist with Islamic one.   

Scientific Society

In 1864, Sir Syed established scientific society which translated modern work from English to Urdu and Persian. A journal called the Aligarh gazette was published by this society from 1866 onwards. The journal was published in both English and Urdu to foster better understanding.

M.A.O College

Sir Syed established Muhammad Anglo Oriental School at Aligarh in 1875, which was given the status of college in 1877. Medium of instruction at college was English and curriculum was western. But at the same time, both Arabic language and religious institution were compulsory subjects. M.A.O college was elevated to the status of university in 1920.

Due to the education services of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the times of London called him “Prophet of Education.”

Conclusion: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the greatest Muslim reformer of 19^th century. He taught the Muslims of India that how to cope with current issues. He took the responsibility of the renaissance of Muslim glory and to achieve his destination he guided the Muslim ship to a right direction and took it to a definite position. Sir Syed was the pioneer of two nation theory which injected life in the dormant body of the Muslim nation. His movement did not die with him, many of Muslims inspired by him opened a number of colleges and universities for the Muslim students.  

                                     ------- Consulted from KIPS Pakistan Affairs

English

Exercise 1

1. The farmer had been preparing for his son’s wedding for two months.

کسان اپنے لڑکے کی شادی کے لیے دو ماہ سے تیاریاں کر رہا تھا۔

2. I had been swimming in the canal for two hours.

میں دو گھنٹوں سے نہر میں تیر رہا تھا۔

3. Had Germany been preparing for war since 1934?

کیا جرمنی 1934 سے جنگ کی تیاریاں کر رہاتھا؟

4. Had the speaker been making a speech for two hours?

کیا مقرر دو گھنٹے سے تقریر کر رہاتھا؟

5. He had been holding his breath before the bear came near.

ریچھ کے قیرب آنے سے پہلے وہ اپنی سانس روک رہا تھا۔

6. Noor Alam had not been taking part in games and sports for two years.

نور عالم دو سال سے کھیلوں میں حصہ نہیں لے رہا تھا۔

7. We had been taking tea during the journey.

سفر کے دوران ہم چائے پیتے رہے تھے۔

8. The fowler had been catching birds since morning.

صبح سے چڑی مار پرندے پکڑ رہا تھا۔

9. Had he been quarreling with you since morning?

کیا وہ شام سے تہمیارے ساتھ جھگڑ رہا تھا؟

10. Had the farmers been sowing seeds in the fields since morning?

کیا کسان صبح سے کھیتوں میں بیج بو رہے تھے؟

11. The postman had been sorting letters before he came to the city.

شہر میں آنے سے پہلے چٹھی رساں چٹھیاں چھانٹ رہا تھا۔

12 Had his elder brother been practicing law since 1980?

کیا اس کا بڑا بھائی 1980 سے وکالت کر رہا تھا؟

13. My servant had not been plucking flowers since morning.

میرا نوکر صبح سے پھول نہیں چن رہا تھا۔

14. The watchman had been keeping watch of the house for the whole night.

چوکیدار رات بھر مکان کی رکھوالی کرتا رہا تھا۔

15. Had the clouds not been thundering since mid-night?

کیا بادل آدھی رات سے نہیں گرج رہے تھے؟

Exercise 2

1. Sultan Mahmood invaded India seventeen times. سلطان محمود نے ہندوستان پر سترہ بار حملہ کیا

2. Hafeez resembled his father. حفیظ اپنے باپ سے ملتا جلتا تھا

3. Did he pull the trigger of the gun? کیا اس نے بندوق کی لبلبی دبا دی؟

4. The gun went off but he missed his aim. بندوق چل گئی لیکن اس کا نشانہ خطا گیا۔

5. Did Edward VIII abdicate the throne? کیا ایڈورڈ ہشتم تخت سے دستبردار ہو گیا؟

6. Did he give you many pieces of advice? کیا اس نے تمہیں بہت نصیحت کی تھی؟

7. He was taken aback. وہ ہکا بکا رہ گیا

8. I was burning the candle at both ends in those days. میں ان دنوں دونوں ہاتھوں سے دولت لٹا رہا تھا

9. Was Bashir yawning in the class? کیا بشیر جماعت میں جمائیاں لے رہا تھا؟َ

10. I was feeling dizzy. میرا سر چکرا رہا تھا

11. That beggar woman begged of me a rupee.

اس فقیرنی نے بڑی عاجزی سے مجھ سے ایک روپیا مانگا

12. The servant was laying the table. نوکر میز پر کھانا چن رہا تھا

13. Was the Imtiazi Translation selling like hot cakes? کیا امتیازی ٹرانسلیشن دھڑا دھڑ بک رہی تھی؟

14. Was the sun shining brightly? کیا دھوپ تیز چمک رہی تھی؟

15. She was not cleaning the pots.وہ برتن صاف نہیں  کر رہی تھی

16. The rain had stopped before I reached the meeting.

میرے جلسے میں پہنچنے سے پہلے بارش تھم چکی تھی۔

17. His father had died before he was born. اس کی پیدائش سے پہلے اس کا باپ مر چکا تھا

18. His father had brought him round many times. اس کا باپ اسے بارہا سمجھا چکا تھا

19. Had you examined the list of fares before you bought the ticket?

کیا ٹکٹ لینے سے پہلے آپ نے کرایے کی فہرست کا ملاحظہ کر لیا تھا؟

20. We had hardly gone a mile when it began to blow a gale.

ہم ایک میل بھی نہ گئے تھے کہ آندھی آ گئی۔

Exercise 3:

حفیظ آٹھویں جماعت میں پڑھتا ہے۔ وہ نہایت ذہین، محنتی اور فرض شناس لڑکا تھا۔ وہ اپنی جماعت میں چوٹی پر ہے۔اس کے استاد اسے بہت پسند کرتے ہیں کیوں کہ وہ بہت دیانت دار اور راست گو ہے۔ وہ کبھی جھوٹ نہیں بولتا اور نہ کسی کا دل دکھاتا ہے۔ وہ اپنے والدین کا حکم مانتا ہے اور انکی بڑی عزت کرتا ہے۔ اس کی عادتیں بہت قابل تعریف ہیں۔ وہ اپنے بھائی بہنوں سے کبھی نہیں لڑتا۔ اس کے بھائی اور بہنیں اسے بہت چاہتی ہیں اور وہ انکی آنکھوں کا تارا ہے۔ وہ بڑی باقاعدگی سے اسکول کا کام کرتا ہے اور ہمیشہ امتحان میں اول آتا ہے۔ وہ کھیلوں میں بھی حصہ لیتا ہے۔ وہ کرکٹ ٹیم کا ایک اہم ممبر ہے اور ہاکی بھی کھیل سکتا ہے۔ وہ میرا دوست ہے اور مجھے اس پر فخر ہے۔ ہم اکٹھے اسکول جاتے ہیں اور اکٹھے ہی گھر واپس آتے ہیں۔ اس کے والدین مجھے اپنا ہی بیٹا سمجھتے ہیں-

Hafeez reads in the 8^th class. He is a very intelligent, hardworking and dutiful boy. He is at the top in his class. His teachers like him very much, because he is very honest and truthful. He neither tells a lie a lie nor hurts anybody’s feelings. He obeys his parents and respects them very much. His habits are very admirable. He never quarrels with his siblings. His brothers and sisters like him very much and he is the apple of their eyes. He does his home work very regularly and always stands first in the class. He also takes part in games. He is an important member of the cricket team and he can also play hockey. He is my friend and I am proud of him. We go to school together and also come back home together. His parents look upon me as their son.

Exercise 4:

ایک دفعہ اس شہر میں دو ٹھگ آ پہنچے وہ بادشاہ کے دربار میں گئے اور کہا "عالی جاہ!ہم ایک حیرت انگیز کپڑا بنانا جانتے ہیں۔ صرف وہی لوگ اس کپڑے کو دیکھ سکتے ہیں جو بہت عقل مند ہوں۔ بے وقوف لوگ اس کپڑے کو نہیں دیکھ سکتے ۔" جب بادشاہ نے یہ سنا تو وہ بہت خوش ہوا۔ اس نے اپنے وزیر سے کہا"یہ جولاہے بہت مفید ہیں۔ میں ایسا کپڑا پہلے کبھی نہیں دیکھا" تب بادشاہ نے انہیں ایک بہت بڑی رقم دی اور کہا "میں وہ کپڑآ اپنے لیے خریدنا چاہتا ہوں" ٹھگوں نے بادشاہ کا شکریہ ادا کیا اور دربار سے چلے گئے۔ انہوں نے ایک کھڈی خریدی اور اسے محل میں لے گئے۔ انہوں نے کھڈی ایک کمرے میں لگا دی اور اپنا کام شروع کر دیا۔

Once two tricksters came to that city. They went to the king’s court and said, “You majesty! We know how to weave a wonderful cloth. Only those people can see that cloth who are very wise. The foolish people cannot see the cloth.” When the king heard this, he was pleased very much. He said to his minister, “these weavers are very useful. I have never seen such a cloth before.” Then the king gave them a big amount of money and said, “I want to buy that cloth for me.” The tricksters thanked  the king and went out of the court. They bought a loom and took it in the palace. They set up the loom in a room and started their work.

                     From Imtiazi English Translation For Higher Classes             

Idioms: (Remember: PMS/CSS idiomatic sentences should be written in two to three lines so that the meaning of idiomatic phrase or word should be cleared. Don’t write as if you were in intermediate yet). Some are solved as a sample. Remaining have been written with their meaning, solved them accordingly.

1. Burn the candle at both ends (زیادہ پیسہ لگانا) According the recently published report, India is among the those countries which are burning the candle at both ends for weapons.

2. Burning question:   (اہم مسئلہ) After the Indian Army siege in Kashmir on August 5, Kashmir has become the burning question in all the international forums.

3. Bury the hatchet (دشمنی ختم کرنا) Whenever Pakistan and India try to bury the hatchet between them, some non-state actors become active and spoil the effort.

4. By and largeمجموعی طور پر)) China has sent four consignments to Pakistan for fighting against Covid-19 including testing kits, masks and other equipments. Chinese doctors are also coming for our help, by and large China is trying his best to remove this pandemic from Pakistan.

5. By fits and starts(بے قاعدہ ہونا) Avoid preparation of PMS by fits and starts, just follow my schedule and be successful.

6. By and by(رفتہ رفتہ)   If he commits a blunder, don’t laugh at him. He will become successful by and by if he determines to it.

7. Break the news (اچانک خبر سنانا)  The world was un-aware about the 9/11 until CNN broke the news of attack of terrorists.

8. Call a spade a spade (صاف صاف بات کہنا) Ask about yourself from Hassan, because he calls a spade a spade even in front of a stranger.

9. Call in question(شک کا اظہار کرنا)  

10. Call names  (گالیاں دینا)

11. Carry the day(کامیابی حاصل کرنا)

12. Call to account(جواب طلبی کرنا) 

13. Call to mindذہن میں لانا) 

14. Carry weight (پر اثر ہونا) 

15. Cast a slur upon (شہرت داغدار کرنا)

16. Cast a spell (سحر طاری کرنا)

17. Cast asideمسترد کرنا) 

18. Cat and dog lifeجھگڑے والی زندگی) 

19. Cat’s paw آلہ کار)

20. Cheek by jowl(ساتھ ساتھ ہونا)

                                                From Functional English B.Com (From above 20 idioms three have been asked in Past Papers)

General Knowledge

Topic: World Bank, IMF, ADB and Stock Exchanges

World Bank:

·        It was founded in July 1944

·        Its headquarter is in Washington D.C capital of USA

·        Its members are 189

·        Current president of World Bank is David Malpass

·        In 2012, under the presidency of Jim Yong Kim, World Bank decided to spend more funds on climate change after the poverty

·        World Bank exceeds aids to Pakistan to 1B$ recently 13^th April 2020 for fighting against Covid-19

·        Indus Water Treaty 1960 between Pakistan and India were signed with the help of World Bank

·        Eugene Black was the president of World Bank at that time

·        Its parent organization is UNO

  IMF: International Monetary Fund

·        It was founded in December 1945

·        Its headquarter is in Washington D.C USA

·        Its member states are 189

·        Its parent organization is UNO

·        Its Managing Director is Kristalina Georgieva from Bulgaria

·        From its formation to till the date, its all deputy managing directors belong to USA

·        Pakistan became member of IMF in 1950

·        Pakistan went IMF for first loan in 1958 and that bailout package was of US$25000

·        Pakistan went to IMF for bailout package for 22 times

·        For very short time, Pakistan went to IMF repeatedly was the tenure of Benazir in 90’s

·        Largest loan taken by Pakistan from IMF in the current government of US$6Billion

·        IMF gave two types of loan that is (i) General Resource Account GRA for stand by arrangements SRA and (ii) Poverty Reduction Growth Trust PRGT for poor countries

·        Pakistan takes GRA loans also called bailout package

·        IMF imposes hard conditions as this time its conditions are: Governor of State Bank can make his own decisions without the permission of Government and reduction subsidies on energy tariffs etc

ADB: Asian Development Bank

·        It was founded in December 1966

·        Its headquarter is in Manila Philippines

·        Its members are 68

·        Its president is Masatsugu Asakawa

·        Its all presidents belong to Japan as Japan funded it most as USA to World Bank

·         Pakistan is at third on the list of borrowing countries after China and India

·        It has also some members outside of Asian region and also have some countries which are not members of ADB but exist in Asia

·        Pakistan has taken US1B$ from ADB in the current government

·        World Bank gave a report in March in which it expects that GDP of Pakistan will grow to 3.2 next fiscal year (Note: Pakistan’s current GDP is 2.6)

·        But two days ago IMF said that may be it will be first time in the history of Pakistan that her GDP may become negative or zero due to Covid-19

WEF: World Economic Forum

·        It was founded in January, 1971

·        It was founded by Klaus Schwab

·        Its first name was European Management Forum

·        It is basically an NGO

·        Its headquarter is in Cologny, Switzerland

·        But its summits are conducted usually in Davos, Switzerland

·        Its members are different companies exceeding their number to 1000

·        It has board of trustees which governs it

·        WEF recently declared Hammad Azhar Minister of Economic Affairs as Young global leader of South Asia

Stock Exchanges:

·        Pakistan Stock Exchange was established in January 2016

·        Before this, Lahore Stock Exchange and Karachi Stock Exchanges were exist

·        NYSE New York Stock Exchange is the largest one

·        Amsterdam Stock Exchange is the oldest (1602)

·        Nasdaq is the stock exchange of USA but NASDAQ Nordic is the stock exchange of 8 European countries

·        Largest Stock Exchange of the India is Bombay SE

·        Stock Change of European Union is called Euro next

·        B3 is the SE of Brazil

·        Sulyman Mehdi is the current president of PSX

·        PSX indices are KSE 100, KSE 30 and KMI 30

Islamiyat: Do yourself from any book which enlightens the Bunyadi Aqaid. Remember your Answer of the questions should be arranged well and adorned with references of Ahadith and Qurani Verses.

عقیدہ توحید پر کئی بار سوال پوچھا جا چکا ہے مثلا اس کے انسانی زندگی پر اثرات یا اللہ تعالی کے وجود کو مدلل بیانات کےساتھ ثابت کریں۔ عقیدہ رسالت کے متعلق پوچھا جا چکا ہے کہ جب اللہ تعالی نے انسان کو عقل عطا کر دی تو انبیاء کی ضرورت کیونکر پیش آئی۔ اس کے علاوہ عقیدہ آخرت اور اس کے اثرات کے متعلق بھی پوچھا جا چکا ہے۔

Remember: Read an Article daily from AN International Newspaper. Watch Documentaries on Al Jazeera BBC etc. Read a book Daily. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OlP9y39jCSnIuZbUf6HXL1UQUC2kWHLR/view?usp=sharing